U.S. Representative, MO-06 · Republican · in Congress continuously since Jan. 3, 2001
GPO · public domain
The Executive Summary
Rep. Sam Graves (R–MO-06) ranks No. 2 of 358 representatives on this site's legislator rubric — the published list of what a grade is made of and how much each part counts, set before any grade was computed and identical for every representative — built on the 67% of the rubric that can be measured today. In the 119th Congress, Graves has missed 7.0% of recorded votes — 47 of the 676 roll calls the House printed their name on, 3.7× the 1.9% median for sitting representatives, and the 38th-highest rate of 431. The roll call records whether a member voted, never why they did not: illness, bereavement, official travel and simply not turning up are all written down identically. In MO-06, the district Graves represents: unemployment runs 2.7% against 4.6% nationally; the median household makes $75,637 against $81,604; 10.1% live below the poverty line against 12.1%; 28.3% of adults 25 and over hold a bachelor's degree against 36.8%; and 7.7% carry no health insurance against 8.2% — Census one-year estimates for 2024, describing the place rather than anything Graves did, and never part of any grade. Ranked by distance from the national figure — counting more unemployment, lower household income, more poverty, fewer degrees and more people uninsured as the harder side — the widest of the 2 gaps on the harder side are bachelor's-degree attainment and household income. Crime rates and school results are not published at congressional-district level by any official source, so Missouri's statewide figures appear further down instead. How that compares with the district Graves took over is a question this page leaves open: congressional lines are redrawn between Congresses, and the 2024 estimates — drawn for the 119th Congress — are the only published one-year vintage on the map this seat sits on today (2021 for the 116th Congress, 2022 and 2023 for the 118th Congress, and 2025 is not published). Differencing two districts that share a number but not a boundary would report a change in a place that did not change, so no district trend is shown here; what can be followed across the years instead is the record itself — votes cast, votes missed, and measures sponsored. Graves is recorded on 29 tracked major laws: for 20, against 9. In the 119th Congress, Graves has sponsored 16 bills and resolutions, spread across 9 of the Congressional Research Service's topic labels; the two largest groups are Transportation and Public Works (6 of 16) and Education (2 of 16). Set beside the district's widest gaps: of those 16, 2 are filed under Education; the catalogue has no label about household income, so that gap has no counterpart in this list. A filing label is where the Research Service shelves a measure so it can be found again — it says what a bill is about as filed, not what it did — and sponsoring is not passing. Read that pairing as a topic match and nothing more. Every figure is drawn from the cited public record; the full breakdown — including what can't yet be measured fairly — is below.
No. 2 of the 358 representatives who carry a grade
Graded on 3 of 4 components — 66.7% of the rubric. The bar below is the whole rubric: each segment’s width is its published weight, its colour is the block’s own score. Hatched slots were not scored, and their weight is held back rather than handed to the blocks we could measure.
Block score:below chamber middleabovenot scored — no evidence, not a score of zero
Rubric component
Weight
Block score
Into the grade
Their district: how it moved on their watch reserved
no defensible district trend exists yet (redistricting)
33%
—
—
Bills they move (LES, 118th Congress)
40%
+2.50σ
+1.000
Fiscal votes (CBO-scored laws)
13%
+0.15σ
+0.019
Attendance (missed votes)
13%
−0.58σ
−0.077
Grade — the measured parts, added up
1.000 + 0.019 − 0.077 = +0.942
66.7% counted
+0.942σ
A hatched slot is not a bad score, and not a zero. It is weight the rubric set aside because the evidence to fill it does not exist yet, and nothing on this page says which way Graves would have scored on it. That weight is never redistributed to the blocks we could measure, so the σ above is built from 66.7% of the rubric and two members at the same σ were not necessarily judged on the same evidence. The weights are preregistered and identical for all 358 graded representatives — this measures a record against a fixed rubric, not a person’s worth or effort. Block scores print to two decimals as they do everywhere on the site and contributions to three, so multiplying a printed score by its printed weight can land a thousandth off the row beside it; the last column is the export’s own figure, and it is what the total adds. How the grade works →
Sam Graves
U.S. Representative · MO-06 (Missouri) · Republican · current term began Jan. 2025
Missed votes 119th Congress only, not lifetime career · “Not Voting” only; “Present” is a recorded position · House Clerk roll callsThe roll call records whether a member voted, never why they did not.
7.0%47 of 676 roll calls
Party-line votes share of their Yea/Nay votes cast with their own party’s majority — agreement with their party, not a left-right position · 119th Congress only, not lifetime career · House Clerk roll calls
98.9%619 of 626 recorded votes
Promises kept
In human review
Missouri context — not this member’s grade
House members represent a district, not the whole state, so state numbers aren’t their grade. District-level scoring is in development. The state’s governor, Mike Kehoe, is not yet ranked; the state page carries the full outcome record.
Scored on their own record; district outcome scoring is in development. Methodology v3.0
The Rundown
No. 2 of 358 representatives — on the 67% of the grade we can measure.
Bills that move. A Legislative Effectiveness Score of 6.79 — the scale is set so each chamber averages 1.00, and it counts only the bills a member sponsors themselves and how far each one gets. The grade scores that against members of the same chamber on the same side of the majority, so it reflects lawmaking rather than who holds the gavel: the same score sits differently in the majority than out of it. Measured over the 118th Congress, now complete.
Fiscal votes. The deficit footprint of the laws Graves voted for, per CBO's estimates, ranked against other representatives with enough scored votes — a lower footprint ranks higher. 7 scored laws today, dollar-dominated by the largest two — one from each party's trifecta — so this measures the 2021–2025 fiscal era more than a career; coverage broadens as laws are added. Every vote and its CBO figure is itemized in the debt section below.
Not counted — 33% of the rubric. state/district outcomes (33%): no defensible district trend exists yet (redistricting)
So this is a ranking of 3 things, not a verdict on a career. House members are never handed their state's numbers — a representative serves a district, and no honest district trend exists yet. Everything reserved above publishes the moment it can be measured fairly, and never before.
The district, as context — where Graves starts from
MO-06’s own numbers from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (2024 one-year estimates), each beside the national figure. These are levels, not trends — they describe the district a member answers to, not anything the member did — so they are context only and never enter Graves’s grade.
Category
MO-06
United States
Unemployment rate
2.7%
4.6%
Median household income
$75,637
$81,604
People below the poverty line
10.1%
12.1%
Bachelor's degree or higher (adults 25+)
28.3%
36.8%
No health insurance
7.7%
8.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2024 1-year estimates, by congressional district. ACS figures are survey estimates and carry margins of error. Crime rates and tax burden are not in this table because no official source publishes either at the congressional-district level — the statewide figures below are the closest honest substitute, and that gap is stated here rather than filled with an estimate.
Missouri, as context
Graves represents a district; where the Census publishes district-level figures they appear above, and this table is the wider picture — Missouri’s statewide numbers: the latest verified level for each scored category, shared by the whole delegation, the governor and a legislature. Some of these (crime, tax burden) exist only statewide — no official source publishes them by district. Context only — none of this enters Graves’s grade. The trends, scores and sources live on the Missouri page.
Category
Latest statewide figure
Year
Air quality
42 AQI
2024
Cost of living
90.82 index, US=100
2024
Early literacy
42.1 % of 4th-graders below basic
2024
Education
270.4 scale score
2024
Energy cost
12.91 cents/kWh
2024
Food-aid access
0.69 index (higher = easier access)
2023
Gun deaths
19.6 age-adjusted deaths per 100,000
2024
Health coverage
8.15 % of adults 18-64 uninsured
2024
Homicide
9.4 age-adjusted deaths per 100,000
2024
Jobless-benefit access
16.23 % of unemployed receiving UI
2024
Obesity
34.61 % of adults
2024
School shootings
0 people killed or wounded
2024
Tax burden
4.39 % of personal income
2024
Teen births
15.9 per 1,000 females 15-19
2024
Unemployment
4 %
2025
Water quality
5.73 % of systems with a violation
2025
Wellbeing
5.4 mean poor-mental-health days of 30
2024
The national debt on their watch
context — not this member’s grade
When Graves first entered Congress in 2001, in the House, the federal debt stood at $5.67 trillion (end of fiscal 2000; Treasury). As of 2026-09-17 it is $40.09 trillion (Treasury, daily). That rise spans presidents, majorities and economies — it belongs to no single member, which is why it is context here and part of no grade. What is Graves’s own: their recorded votes when the major fiscal bills came through, beside what the Congressional Budget Office estimated each law would do to deficits.
Total public debt outstanding, fiscal 2000–present, in nominal dollars — no adjustment for inflation or the size of the economy, so early decades understate their era’s burden. Y-axis starts at zero. Source: Treasury. Shaded spans and dashed marks (dated on the rail below the chart): exogenous events — recessions as dated by the NBER, the COVID-19 emergency as dated by the WHO, and NOAA-recorded $100B+ hurricanes — the outlier years are theirs, not any one officeholder's.
Reading these: a baseline is CBO’s projection of what the government would spend and collect if the law never changed — the measuring stick a bill’s cost is measured against. Choose a different stick and the same law scores differently, which is why CBO publishes more than one and why each figure below carries the basis it was scored on. The differences are in the sticks, not in the arithmetic.
Debt figures as of the data refresh on 2026-09-21. These same votes feed the grade’s fiscal-conduct block (10%, methodology v2.5) — the debt itself feeds nothing: it belongs to no single member, and only their own votes are scored. The change is preregistered and dated in the changelog.
Integrity Record
facts from official records — not a score
No checkable commitment by Graves has been tested by a recorded vote in the harvested window. This panel holds facts, not a score: what Graves committed to on the record in words a computer can test, what their name was formally on, and what evenly-bipartisan bodies or courts have found — each line beside the record it rests on. Honesty is not numerically scored on this site; adjudicated findings, when final, cap the grade under a preregistered rule. Read the full rulebook.
1. Checkable commitments
spoken floor pledges a computer can test — window 2026-03-01 to 2026-08-31
No checkable commitment from Graves compiled in this window. A commitment appears here only when it names its own test — a specific bill, in the sentence itself — and the test can be read from a recorded vote or the bill’s official record. Vague promises are listed in the site-wide exceptions feed, never rated.
Transparency context: Graves spoke ~21,791 attributed words on the floor in this window, with 0 pledge-shaped sentences per 10,000 words. Strategic silence is visible here without being scored.
2. Name-vote consistency
formal endorsements vs. final-passage votes, same text only
No qualifying endorsement-vote pair for Graves in the 119th Congress so far. Qualifying is rare by design: the pair counts only when the text at the vote is essentially the text they signed, and committee amendment breaks that on most bills that reach the floor — every excluded pair is in the public exceptions feed with its reason.
3. Adjudicated record
findings by courts and evenly-bipartisan bodies — the only tier that can cap a grade
Record search: 1 of 6 sources connected — House and Senate discipline votes (roll-call record). Not yet connected: Federal court judgments (deception statutes, ADJ-3 map); House Ethics Committee public reports; Senate Select Committee on Ethics public actions; FEC enforcement (MURs with admission or knowing-and-willful finding); GAO / Inspectors General findings naming members. Within the connected sources, Graves has 0 qualifying events (as does every member — no adjudication event has scored site-wide). A final Tier 1 finding caps the overall grade at F, Tier 2 at C−, Tier 3 at B — caps only, never bonuses, under preregistered rule ADJ-7.
What this panel measures: matches between Graves’s formal signed acts, spoken checkable commitments, and the official record — plus findings by courts and evenly-bipartisan bodies. What it does not measure: truthfulness of speech in general, campaign promises, effort that leaves no record, or motive. Items the rules cannot decide from records are excluded and listed, never guessed. Dispute anything: challenge@politicalgrades.com.
These are the major bills this site tracks line by line — not a full voting record. A member casts hundreds of votes a Congress; these 29 are the ones whose spending has been extracted and cited from the enacted text.
The House enacted H.R. 2882 by agreeing to H RES 1102 — on Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree. The roll call is recorded under H RES 1102; a vote for it was a vote to enact H.R. 2882.
The House enacted H.R. 4366 by agreeing to H RES 1061 — on Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree. The roll call is recorded under H RES 1061; a vote for it was a vote to enact H.R. 4366.
Every date links to the official roll call in the chamber where Graves cast the vote. “Did not vote” is not “absent” — the record shows no vote was cast and gives no reason, which is often illness, travel or a paired vote. Nothing on this table is counted toward or against Graves’s grade.
These pies aggregate the largest verified spending items — appropriations and mandatory outlays — in the bills Graves cast a recorded vote on, sliced by category, every dollar quoted from the bill text. Three kinds of dollar are excluded, exactly as on the bill pages: authorizations (permission for a future bill to spend, not money), guarantee ceilings (the government backstopping private loans, no cash out) and pay-fors (the taxes or savings that offset a cost, which is money coming in rather than going out). This shows what the bills contained, by Graves’s own votes — not a claim that Graves wrote the spending or that it did or didn’t work. Every dollar in these pies is quoted from the bill text and cited, item by item, on the bill’s own page.
Payments to Health Care Trust Funds — general-fund transfer to the Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (Part B/D) trust fund — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services$548,130,000,000
Payments to the Medicare Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds (general-fund subsidy) — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services$487,862,000,000
recorded on 29 of 30 tracked laws · 16 measures filed
Two different kinds of record sit below and they are not interchangeable. The first is a recorded vote on a law that passed, whose dollars this site has read out of the enacted text and quoted line by line. The second is a measure Graves filed — a document introduced, which most often goes no further than a committee referral. A vote is not authorship: nothing here says Graves wrote the spending in any of these laws, and nothing here says the money did or did not work. And a filed bill carries no verified money breakdown at all — this site has read exactly 31 bills line by line, and a measure outside that 31 appears below as a title and a filing label, nothing more.
The tracked laws — Graves’s recorded position, and where the money went
Recorded on 29 of 30. One law carries no recorded position that the service record explains; those rows say only what the export says, and speculate about nothing. The bars divide each law’s tracked spending — the dollar figures written into the enacted text as exact amounts — which is not the same as the law’s fiscal size; authorisations, ceilings and pay-fors are excluded, and every category is quoted, item by item, on the bill’s own page — each category name under a bar links straight to its cited items there. Colours follow each bill’s own pie, so a category is the same colour here and on the bill page. 31 bills have been read line by line here; 30 of them carry a recorded roll call. H.R. 4820 was reported by committee and never enacted, so no member holds a position on it. Each position’s link to the official roll call is in How Graves voted above, and the merged category totals across all of Graves’s votes are in What Graves voted to fund.
What none of this can tell you is your state’s share. Not one of the 967 verified spending line items across the 31 bills read line by line here names a state, and none states an allocation formula: the enacted text appropriates to accounts and programmes, not to places. Any per-state figure on this page would therefore have to be modelled by us, and a modelled number under a state flag is not a sourced number. So it is not published, and the gap is printed instead.
What Graves filed in the 119th Congress
Graves filed 16 bills and resolutions in the 119th Congress, catalogued by the Congressional Research Service under 9 filing labels. A policy area is a library catalogue term describing what a measure is about as filed. It is not evidence that anything was addressed, improved or affected — and none of these measures carries a money breakdown on this site.
CRS policy area
Measures filed
Share of Graves’s 16
Transportation and Public Works
6
38%
Education
2
13%
Government Operations and Politics
2
13%
Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
1
6%
Congress
1
6%
Emergency Management
1
6%
Energy
1
6%
Health
1
6%
Water Resources Development
1
6%
Denominator: Graves’s own 16 sponsored measures, of which 16 carried a CRS label when the source was built. Sponsoring is not passing, and volume is not effort. Filing labels come from the Congressional Research Service via the govinfo BILLSTATUS bulk data, as of Sept. 20, 2026; the same totals are read independently from the Congress.gov API and the two pipelines agree on all 531 of 531 members compared. The newest of these measures, each linked to congress.gov with its latest action quoted, are listed in the promise ledger above rather than repeated here.
Became law under Graves’s own number: 0 of 13 law-eligible measures (bills and joint resolutions; simple and concurrent resolutions cannot become law). Congress routinely enacts a measure’s text by folding it into another vehicle, and that enactment is credited to the vehicle’s sponsor, not to this one. A low count — or zero — is therefore not evidence of failure and is not printed as one here.
The 43-day shutdown — Graves’s record
Funding lapsed at midnight October 1, 2025 and ended November 12, 2025 — 43 days, the longest federal shutdown on record. Congress’s appropriations power makes funding the government its own duty, shared by every member — so every member’s page carries the same record: their recorded votes on H.R. 5371, the funding bill, on both sides of the lapse.
whether to accept the Senate's version and send the bill to the President
Nov. 12, 2025
For
Passed; signed November 12, 2025
Positions from the chamber’s own roll-call record, staged only after the parsed tallies matched the officially published results exactly. The record states who voted how; it does not assign blame — that judgment is the reader’s.
Total U.S. federal outlays for each fiscal year of Graves’s current term. That’s the whole federal budget — mostly Social Security, Medicare, defense, interest on the debt, and prior commitments already on the books before this term began — not money Graves personally directed. A president proposes, Congress appropriates, and no single official controls the total.
Nominal dollars — not adjusted for inflation. Bar lengths compare dollars of different years, so a longer bar can be higher prices rather than more spending. Do not read these bars as a real trend.
FY25
$7.01T74% in term−$1.77T deficit
Source: OMB Historical Tables, Table 1.1 (Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits: 1789-present) · figures · compiled Sept. 21, 2026. Fiscal years run Oct–Sep, so they do not line up with the start of a term — marked above with the share that fell inside this term.
Closed fiscal years published for this term so far: FY2025 only. FY2026 closes Sept. 30, 2026 and OMB has not published it. A short chart here means the term is young and the series stops at the last closed year — not that spending stopped.
How Graves is graded
A representative serves a district, not a state, and no honest district-level outcome trend exists yet — redistricting redrew the lines, leaving too few data points. So Graves is graded on what can be measured of their own work: how far the legislation they sponsor actually moves, and — once they hold at least three recorded votes on CBO-scored laws — the deficit footprint of the laws they voted for. Voting alignment is defined in the rubric but reserved, not counted; attendance is counted, from the roll calls the chamber publishes about itself. In all, 67% of this grade is measured and the card says so. The state’s numbers appear above as plain context — latest statewide levels, never folded into the grade — until district-level scoring ships.
Legislative Effectiveness Scores come from the Center for Effective Lawmaking, which benchmarks each chamber’s average to 1.0. The missed-vote and party-line figures are computed by this site from the roll calls the Clerk of the House publishes: every roll call the chamber printed this member’s name on, for this Congress only, with the numerator and denominator shown beside each rate. The roll call records whether a member voted, never why they did not. Independent trackers of the same record are worth reading beside ours — a figure nobody can check against anything is worth less than one that survives comparison: this member on GovTrack, which has tracked Congress independently since 2004 and computes its own figures on its own definitions, so its numbers will not always match these. The Honesty ledger — promises matched against this member’s votes — publishes only with an evidence trail and two agreeing human reviews.
