Sept. 2, 2026Methodology v3.0 · State metrics: 12 source systems, data through 2023–2025 by metric
Political Grades
government — just the stats

Bills & Spending

H.R. 244Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017

Official title: An Act making appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2017, and for other purposes (enacted as the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; Public Law 115-31)

What the tracked text contains

Of the money itself: $1.27T across 35 tracked line-items — health ($696.1B, 55%), defense ($320.0B, 25%) and income security ($161.2B, 13%) lead; 7 smaller categories carry the rest. The largest single line: $299,187,700,000 for Federal payments into the Medicare Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds. Beyond the cash, the text also sets $563.6M of authorizations (a ceiling on future spending), $53.0B of trust-fund obligation limits, $44.0B of trust-fund contract authority, $4.7B of set-asides (already counted above) and $927.5B of loan-guarantee ceilings — disclosed beside the total, never summed into it. The dated money sits in fiscal 2018 — 9% of tracked dollars carry a year in the text.

115th Congress · Enrolled (enacted, Public Law) · Rep. Paul Cook [R-CA-8] · signed into law May 5, 2017 · read the full bill text →

Where the money goes

$1.27T across 35 tracked items · compare against another law →

The largest verified line-items. This pie breaks down the biggest spending items in the bill — appropriations and mandatory (direct) spending — by category. Every dollar is quoted from the text; click any slice to read them. It is not necessarily every dollar in the bill, and the gaps are not always small ones — where an account was left out, How this was built at the foot of this page says so and why, and a large omission can change which category ranks first. Figures that aren’t spending — authorizations, guarantee ceilings, pay-fors, and carve-outs already counted — are deliberately left out and disclosed below.

The money map

blocks sized by dollars — open one for the law’s own words

Area is dollars. Each block is one category of tracked spending in H.R. 244, sized by its share of the $1.27T this page tracks. Open a block and it lists the line-items inside it, each with the passage of the enacted text that carries the dollar figure, quoted word for word, and the section it sits in. Category names are the extraction’s own labels, printed as they come — nothing here calls a category worthwhile or wasteful. The quote is the argument.

This map divides the same tracked total the pie above divides — money the text writes as exact dollar lines. It is not the bill’s total fiscal effect: what the extraction leaves out is stated above the pie and in How this was built at the foot of this page, and the dollars deliberately kept out of the count are listed under the map.

health: $696.1B, 55 percent of the $1.27T tracked; defense: $320.0B, 25 percent of the $1.27T tracked; income security: $161.2B, 13 percent of the $1.27T tracked; education: $40.3B, 3 percent of the $1.27T tracked; other: $25.0B, 2 percent of the $1.27T tracked; transportation: $10.5B, 1 percent of the $1.27T tracked; community & regional development: $7.3B, 1 percent of the $1.27T tracked; international affairs: $4.8B, 0.4 percent of the $1.27T tracked; water: $3.1B, 0.2 percent of the $1.27T tracked; veterans: $50.0M, 0.0 percent of the $1.27T trackedhealth$696.1B55% of $1.27T trackeddefense$320.0B25% of $1.27T trackedincome security$161.2B13% of $1.27T trackededucation$40.3B$7.3B

5 of the 10 blocks are too small to carry a label without overprinting themselves, so they are drawn blank — every category is named, with its figures, in the rows and the table below.

health$696.1B

$696,071,481,000 · 55% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 6 tracked line-items, largest first

  • Federal payments into the Medicare Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds$299,187,700,000
    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
    “…incurred pursuant to section 201(g) of the Social Security Act, $299,187,700,000.In addition, for…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: PAYMENTS TO HEALTH CARE TRUST FUNDS
  • Federal share of Medicaid grants to States, fiscal year 2017$262,003,967,000
    States
    “…provided, titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act, $262,003,967,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: GRANTS TO STATES FOR MEDICAID
  • Medicaid payments to States — advance appropriation for the first quarter of fiscal year 2018$125,219,452,000
    States
    “…Security Act for the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, $125,219,452,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: GRANTS TO STATES FOR MEDICAID (first-quarter FY2018 advance)
  • Global HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and research (PEPFAR)$5,670,000,000
    USAID / Department of State global health programs
    “…the prevention, treatment, and control of, and research on, HIV/AIDS, $5,670,000,000, to remain…”
    Div J (State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Bilateral Economic Assistance; account: GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS
  • Indian Health Services — clinical and preventive care for American Indians and Alaska Natives$3,694,462,000
    Indian Health Service; federally recognized tribes
    “…Health Service Act with respect to the Indian Health Service, $3,694,462,000, together with…”
    Div G (Interior-Environment Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Related Agencies, IHS; account: INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES
  • Increase in the Puerto Rico Medicaid allotment cap under section 1108(g) of the Social Security Act$295,900,000
    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
    “…subparagraph (A) for Puerto Rico shall be further increased by $295,900,000.. (b)All the…”
    Div M (Other Matters) — Title II, Puerto Rico Section 1108(g) Amendment of 2017, sec. 202

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

defense$320.0B

$320,015,057,000 · 25% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 12 tracked line-items, largest first

  • Military Personnel, Army — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$40,042,962,000
    U.S. Army
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $40,042,962,000.Military personnel, navyFor…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, ARMY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Navy — fleet operations, training and base support$38,552,017,000
    U.S. Navy and Marine Corps
    “…the Navy and the Marine Corps, as authorized by law, $38,552,017,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, NAVY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Air Force — flying hours, weapon system sustainment and base support$36,247,724,000
    U.S. Air Force
    “…necessary for the operation and maintenance of the Air Force, as authorized by law, $36,247,724,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, AIR FORCE
  • Defense Health Program — military medical and health care programs$33,781,270,000
    Department of Defense
    “…programs of the Department of Defense as authorized by law, $33,781,270,000; of which…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title VI, Other Department of Defense Programs; account: DEFENSE HEALTH PROGRAM
  • Operation and Maintenance, Army — unit readiness, training and installation support$32,738,173,000
    U.S. Army
    “…necessary for the operation and maintenance of the Army, as authorized by law, $32,738,173,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, ARMY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide — defense agencies other than the military departments$32,373,949,000
    Department of Defense (defense agencies)
    “…(other than the military departments), as authorized by law, $32,373,949,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, DEFENSE-WIDE
  • Military Personnel, Air Force — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$27,958,795,000
    U.S. Air Force
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $27,958,795,000.Reserve personnel, armyFor…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, AIR FORCE
  • Military Personnel, Navy — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$27,889,405,000
    U.S. Navy
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $27,889,405,000.Military personnel, marine…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, NAVY
  • Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy — carriers, Virginia-class submarines and surface combatants ("In all")$21,156,886,000
    U.S. Navy
    “…Year Shipbuilding Programs, $160,274,000; and Polar Icebreakers (AP), $150,000,000.In all: $21,156,886,000, to remain…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Procurement; account: SHIPBUILDING AND CONVERSION, NAVY
  • Overseas Contingency Operations — additional Operation and Maintenance, Army (war funding)$15,693,068,000
    U.S. Army
    “…Maintenance, ArmyFor an additional amount for Operation and Maintenance, Army, $15,693,068,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IX, Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, ARMY
  • NNSA Weapons Activities — atomic energy defense nuclear weapons stockpile work$9,318,093,000
    National Nuclear Security Administration
    “…facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, $9,318,093,000, to remain…”
    Div D (Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Energy, NNSA; account: WEAPONS ACTIVITIES
  • Afghanistan Security Forces Fund — equipping, training and sustaining Afghan security forces$4,262,715,000
    Afghanistan
    “…of 1985.Afghanistan Security Forces FundFor the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund, $4,262,715,000, to remain…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IX, Overseas Contingency Operations; account: AFGHANISTAN SECURITY FORCES FUND

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

income security$161.2B

$161,184,839,000 · 13% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 4 tracked line-items, largest first

  • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP / food stamps)$78,480,694,000
    USDA Food and Nutrition Service; State agencies
    “…and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), $78,480,694,000, of which…”
    Div A (Agriculture-Rural Development-FDA Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Domestic Food Programs; account: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
  • Supplemental Security Income benefit payments and administration$43,618,163,000
    Social Security Administration
    “…incurred pursuant to section 201(g)(1) of the Social Security Act, $43,618,163,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Related Agencies, SSA; account: SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME PROGRAM
  • Child nutrition programs — National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs$22,793,982,000
    States and school districts
    “…(42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), except sections 17 and 21; $22,793,982,000 to remain…”
    Div A (Agriculture-Rural Development-FDA Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Domestic Food Programs; account: CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS
  • Section 8 tenant-based rental assistance (Housing Choice Vouchers), fiscal year 2017 amount$16,292,000,000
    Public housing agencies and assisted households
    “…1437 et seq.) (the Act herein), not otherwise provided for, $16,292,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HUD, Public and Indian Housing; account: TENANT-BASED RENTAL ASSISTANCE

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

education$40.3B

$40,342,000,000 · 3% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 2 tracked line-items, largest first

  • Student financial assistance — Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants and Federal Work-Study$24,198,210,000
    U.S. undergraduates
    “…A, and part C of title IV of the HEA, $24,198,210,000, which shall…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Education; account: STUDENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
  • Title I Education for the Disadvantaged — grants to school districts serving low-income students$16,143,790,000
    State and local educational agencies
    “…Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as HEA), $16,143,790,000, of which…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Education; account: EDUCATION FOR THE DISADVANTAGED

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

other$25.0B

$25,025,237,000 · 2% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 4 tracked line-items, largest first

  • U.S. Customs and Border Protection operations and support$10,900,636,000
    U.S. Customs and Border Protection
    “…aerial systems; and contracting with individuals for personal services abroad; $10,900,636,000; of which…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Security, Enforcement and Investigations, CBP; account: OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation salaries and expenses$8,767,201,000
    Federal Bureau of Investigation
    “…detection, investigation, and prosecution of crimes against the United States, $8,767,201,000, of which…”
    Div B (Commerce-Justice-Science Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Department of Justice, FBI; account: SALARIES AND EXPENSES
  • IRS Enforcement — tax examinations, collections and criminal investigations$4,860,000,000
    Internal Revenue Service
    “…at such rates as may be determined by the Commissioner, $4,860,000,000, of which…”
    Div E (Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Department of the Treasury, IRS; account: ENFORCEMENT
  • Additional CBP procurement and construction for the highest-priority border security requirements$497,400,000
    U.S. Customs and Border Protection — southwest border
    “…and improvementsFor an additional amount for Procurement, Construction, and Improvements, $497,400,000, to remain…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title VI, Department of Homeland Security—Additional Appropriations, CBP; account: PROCUREMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENTS

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

transportation$10.5B

$10,503,852,000 · 1% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 3 tracked line-items, largest first

  • FAA Operations — air traffic control, aviation safety and certification$10,025,852,000
    Federal Aviation Administration
    “…in addition to amounts made available by Public Law 112–95, $10,025,852,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, FAA; account: OPERATIONS (AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND)
  • Grants to Amtrak for the Northeast Corridor (Boston-New York-Washington)$328,000,000
    National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) — Northeast Corridor
    “…America’s Surface Transportation Act (division A of Public Law 114–94), $328,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, Federal Railroad Administration; account: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR GRANTS TO THE NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION
  • Capital and preventive maintenance grants to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority$150,000,000
    WMATA — Washington DC, Maryland and Virginia
    “…under section 601 of division B of Public Law 110–432, $150,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, FTA; account: GRANTS TO THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

community & regional development$7.3B

$7,328,515,000 · 1% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first

  • FEMA Disaster Relief Fund — response and recovery for declared disasters$7,328,515,000
    Federal Emergency Management Agency
    “…Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), $7,328,515,000, to remain…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Protection, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, FEMA; account: DISASTER RELIEF FUND

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

international affairs$4.8B

$4,785,805,000 · 0.4% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first

  • Foreign Military Financing Program — grants for allied governments to buy U.S. defense articles$4,785,805,000
    Foreign governments
    “…provisions of section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act, $4,785,805,000: Provided, That…”
    Div J (State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, International Security Assistance; account: FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

water$3.1B

$3,149,000,000 · 0.2% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first

  • Army Corps of Engineers Operation and Maintenance — rivers, harbors, flood and storm damage reduction projects$3,149,000,000
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    “…waters; clearing and straightening channels; and removing obstructions to navigation, $3,149,000,000, to remain…”
    Div D (Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

veterans$50.0M

$50,000,000 · 0.0% of the $1,268,455,786,000 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first

  • Additional VA Medical Services funding$50,000,000
    Department of Veterans Affairs
    “…health administration medical servicesFor an additional amount for Medical Services, $50,000,000, to remain…”
    Div L (Military Construction and Veterans Affairs—Additional Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Department of Veterans Affairs; account: MEDICAL SERVICES

These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.

In this bill, not in this map
  • Authorizations (a ceiling on future spending) · 1 tracked item$563.6M
  • Trust-fund obligation limits · 2 tracked items$53.0B
  • Trust-fund contract authority · 1 tracked item$44.0B
  • Set-asides (already counted above) · 3 tracked items$4.7B
  • Loan-guarantee ceilings · 3 tracked items$927.5B

None of these are added to the map. They are ceilings, borrowing limits, carve-outs of dollars already counted inside a block above, or pay-fors — summing them into the map would count the same money twice and draw permission to spend as spending. Each is itemized further down this page.

H.R. 244 — tracked spending by category, the figures the map is drawn from
CategoryTracked dollarsShare of $1,268,455,786,000Line-items
health$696,071,481,00055%6
defense$320,015,057,00025%12
income security$161,184,839,00013%4
education$40,342,000,0003%2
other$25,025,237,0002%4
transportation$10,503,852,0001%3
community & regional development$7,328,515,0001%1
international affairs$4,785,805,0000.4%1
water$3,149,000,0000.2%1
veterans$50,000,0000.0%1
Tracked total$1,268,455,786,000100%35

What’s in this bill

every mechanism we could extract, at one scale

A law can move money four different ways, and only one of them is cash. This compares what H.R. 244 actually spends against what it authorizes, caps, guarantees or pays for. Every bar is a sample. Each one sums the tracked line-items in that mechanism — the largest figures that appear in the text as an exact dollar string — so a bar is a floor, not a mechanism total, and on some laws it is a small fraction of one. Each bar carries its item count and, where the items carry years, the span it covers and where those years came from.

Appropriations & direct spending$1.27T
35 tracked items · FY2018, on 1 of 35; the rest carry no year
cash out the door — this is what the pie above divides up
Authorizations (a ceiling on future spending) · not spending$563.6M
1 tracked item · FY2017
“There are authorized to be appropriated $X” sets a CAP on what a future appropriations bill may provide — it is permission, not money. Much of a landmark law’s headline figure is this. It is disclosed here, never summed into the pie, because the cash only exists if a later bill actually appropriates it.
Trust-fund obligation limits · not spending$53.0B
2 tracked items
Ceilings on Highway Trust Fund contract authority. Real spending, but the figure is a limit and the underlying authority is set in the surface-transportation law, not this bill — so it is disclosed here, not summed into the spending pie.
Trust-fund contract authority · not spending$44.0B
1 tracked item
Highway/transit contract authority drawn from a trust fund, phrased as an obligation ceiling. Real spending, but drawn down over years and set here as a limit — disclosed, not folded into the pie, to avoid double-counting with any general-fund transfer that backs it.
Set-asides (already counted above) · not spending$4.7B
3 tracked items
A carve-out or reservation WITHIN a larger line-item already in the pie (e.g. a share of a fund reserved for a specific use). Shown for detail but NOT summed in — its dollars are part of the parent, and counting both would double-count.
Loan-guarantee ceilings · not spending$927.5B
3 tracked items
Caps on NEW loan or mortgage-backed-security guarantee commitments. No cash is spent — the government only backstops private lending — so these are excluded from the pie entirely.

These bars are not added together. Only the top bar is money leaving the Treasury. The rest are ceilings, borrowing limits, carve-outs of money already counted above, or pay-fors — summing them would count the same dollars twice and treat permission to spend as spending. How this was built says what each extraction left out.

What CBO says it does to the deficit

verified estimate, quoted with its basis

No verified CBO estimate is on file for this bill yet — the gap is stated here rather than filled from memory or news coverage.

The terms on this page, in plain English

What these things actually are — and what this bill does to each of them. Written for readers, not staffers; every figure in the “in this bill” lines appears elsewhere on this page.

The Highway Trust Fund

The federal government's dedicated road-and-transit account. Money flows in from federal taxes on gasoline and diesel, and flows out to state highway and transit projects. Congress promises states money from it years in advance — so the fund's health depends on fuel-tax receipts keeping up with the promises, and for years they haven't. When the gap gets big enough, Congress moves ordinary Treasury money in to cover it.

Contract authority

A promise now, cash later. Congress lets highway agencies sign binding commitments against future trust-fund money before any cash is in hand — useful because a bridge takes years to build. The commitments are real spending eventually, but the figure here is permission to commit, so it is disclosed beside the total rather than counted as money out the door.

Obligation limitation

The annual brake on those promises. States hold years of trust-fund commitments, and each year's spending bill caps how much of them may turn into actual signed spending that year. It is real money moving, but the number is a limit on older promises — not new money — so adding it to the total would double-count.

Authorization (“authorized to be appropriated”)

Permission, not money. “There is authorized to be appropriated $X” sets a ceiling on what a future spending bill may provide — and if that later bill never passes, not a dollar moves. Much of a landmark law's famous headline number is this kind of permission, which is why this site never adds it to the spending total.

Mandatory vs. discretionary spending

Discretionary money must be re-approved every year in appropriations bills — if Congress does nothing, it stops. Mandatory (also called direct) spending is written into permanent law and flows automatically until Congress changes the law itself. Benefit programs mostly work the mandatory way, which is why they don't show up in the yearly funding fights.

Loan-guarantee ceiling

The government co-signing loans, not spending money. The figure caps how much new lending the government may promise to stand behind; cash leaves the Treasury only if borrowers default. These ceilings can dwarf a bill's actual spending — which is exactly why they are shown separately and never summed into it.

Advance appropriation

Money approved now for a future year. Used above all for veterans' benefits and care, so that a government shutdown or a late budget can never interrupt disability checks or hospital operations — the money for next year is already law.

Set-aside (carve-out)

A floor inside money already counted: “of the amounts above, at least $X shall go to Y.” It steers the money rather than adding to it — counting a carve-out again would double-count — so it is disclosed beside the total, never summed into it.

SNAP (food stamps)

Monthly grocery money on a debit card for low-income households. It is an entitlement: everyone who qualifies and applies receives it, and the appropriation has to cover whoever shows up — so the figure moves with the economy, not with a policy choice in this bill.

Housing Choice Vouchers (Section 8)

Rent help for low-income tenants: the household pays roughly a third of its income, the voucher covers the rest up to a local cap. Unlike SNAP it is not an entitlement — when the year's money runs out, waiting lists grow. That is why this annual number decides how many families are actually helped.

When the money is for

fiscal years the tracked line-items carry
$125.2B
FY18
$1.14T
no year

1 of 35 tracked line-items carries a fiscal year in its own quoted text — 9% of the tracked dollars. The no year column is money the text appropriates without naming a year in the quoted passage; it is shown so the dated columns aren’t mistaken for the whole schedule.

How they voted

ForAgainstAbstainedDid not voteTotal
House136 76%42 23%1 1%179
Democrats89 93%7 7%96
Republicans47 57%35 42%1 1%83
Senate54 75%17 24%1 1%72
Democrats33 94%1 3%1 3%35
Republicans19 54%16 46%35
Independents2 100%2

“Did not vote” is not the same as “absent.” The record distinguishes Present — there, and formally declining to take a side — from Not Voting, where no vote was cast. That is usually absence, but the roll call does not say so, so this table does not either.

Did not vote (2): Dan Newhouse (R-WA), Richard J. Durbin (D-IL).

A member is recorded as not voting for many ordinary reasons — illness, a death in the family, official travel, or a paired vote arranged with a colleague on the other side. The roll call gives no reason, so neither does this page, and nothing here is counted against anyone’s grade. This site tracks a small number of major bills, so a single absence is a large share of what is shown here and a very small share of the hundreds of votes a member actually casts.

These tallies count the 251 members sitting today who have a recorded position, not the historical result. Several of these bills passed in earlier Congresses, and members who have since left are not in the roster — so the totals here are smaller than the 435 + 100 that voted at the time. Where both chambers held a recorded vote, a member is grouped by the chamber they sit in now; anyone who has switched chambers since then appears in their current row.

Share this bill
In the bill, but not counted as spending

Authorizations (a ceiling on future spending)$563.6M

“There are authorized to be appropriated $X” sets a CAP on what a future appropriations bill may provide — it is permission, not money. Much of a landmark law’s headline figure is this. It is disclosed here, never summed into the pie, because the cash only exists if a later bill actually appropriates it.

  • AUTHORIZATION (a ceiling on FUTURE appropriations, not money provided) for the Intelligence Community Management Account$563.6MFY2017

Trust-fund obligation limits$53.0B

Ceilings on Highway Trust Fund contract authority. Real spending, but the figure is a limit and the underlying authority is set in the surface-transportation law, not this bill — so it is disclosed here, not summed into the spending pie.

  • Ceiling on fiscal year 2017 obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway-safety construction programs$43.3B
  • Ceiling on fiscal year 2017 obligations for transit formula, bus and state-of-good-repair grants (Mass Transit Account)$9.7B

Trust-fund contract authority$44.0B

Highway/transit contract authority drawn from a trust fund, phrased as an obligation ceiling. Real spending, but drawn down over years and set here as a limit — disclosed, not folded into the pie, to avoid double-counting with any general-fund transfer that backs it.

  • Federal-aid Highways — liquidating cash appropriation that pays off obligations incurred under Highway Trust Fund contract authority created by the FAST Act. Not new budget authority created by this law, and NOT summed into the pie.$44.0B

Set-asides (already counted above)$4.7B

A carve-out or reservation WITHIN a larger line-item already in the pie (e.g. a share of a fund reserved for a specific use). Shown for detail but NOT summed in — its dollars are part of the parent, and counting both would double-count.

  • SET-ASIDE inside Foreign Military Financing: grants only for Israel$3.1B
  • SET-ASIDE inside Foreign Military Financing: assistance for Egypt$1.3B
  • SET-ASIDE inside the additional CBP construction appropriation: replace about 40 miles of existing primary pedestrian and vehicle border fencing$341.2M

Loan-guarantee ceilings$927.5B

Caps on NEW loan or mortgage-backed-security guarantee commitments. No cash is spent — the government only backstops private lending — so these are excluded from the pie entirely.

  • Ginnie Mae — ceiling on NEW commitments to guarantee mortgage-backed securities. The government backstops private lending; no cash is spent.$500.0B
  • FHA Mutual Mortgage Insurance — ceiling on NEW single-family loan guarantee commitments. No cash is spent.$400.0B
  • SBA section 7(a) general business loans — ceiling on fiscal year 2017 guarantee commitments. No cash is spent.$27.5B

Every tracked dollar, cited

35 spending line-items · 1 carries a fiscal year

health$696.1B · 55%

  • Federal payments into the Medicare Hospital Insurance and Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds$299,187,700,000
    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
    “…incurred pursuant to section 201(g) of the Social Security Act, $299,187,700,000.In addition, for…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: PAYMENTS TO HEALTH CARE TRUST FUNDS
  • Federal share of Medicaid grants to States, fiscal year 2017$262,003,967,000
    States
    “…provided, titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act, $262,003,967,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: GRANTS TO STATES FOR MEDICAID
  • Medicaid payments to States — advance appropriation for the first quarter of fiscal year 2018$125,219,452,000FY2018
    States
    “…Security Act for the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, $125,219,452,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HHS, CMS; account: GRANTS TO STATES FOR MEDICAID (first-quarter FY2018 advance)
  • Global HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and research (PEPFAR)$5,670,000,000
    USAID / Department of State global health programs
    “…the prevention, treatment, and control of, and research on, HIV/AIDS, $5,670,000,000, to remain…”
    Div J (State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Bilateral Economic Assistance; account: GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS
  • Indian Health Services — clinical and preventive care for American Indians and Alaska Natives$3,694,462,000
    Indian Health Service; federally recognized tribes
    “…Health Service Act with respect to the Indian Health Service, $3,694,462,000, together with…”
    Div G (Interior-Environment Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Related Agencies, IHS; account: INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES
  • Increase in the Puerto Rico Medicaid allotment cap under section 1108(g) of the Social Security Act$295,900,000
    Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
    “…subparagraph (A) for Puerto Rico shall be further increased by $295,900,000.. (b)All the…”
    Div M (Other Matters) — Title II, Puerto Rico Section 1108(g) Amendment of 2017, sec. 202

defense$320.0B · 25%

  • Military Personnel, Army — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$40,042,962,000
    U.S. Army
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $40,042,962,000.Military personnel, navyFor…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, ARMY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Navy — fleet operations, training and base support$38,552,017,000
    U.S. Navy and Marine Corps
    “…the Navy and the Marine Corps, as authorized by law, $38,552,017,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, NAVY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Air Force — flying hours, weapon system sustainment and base support$36,247,724,000
    U.S. Air Force
    “…necessary for the operation and maintenance of the Air Force, as authorized by law, $36,247,724,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, AIR FORCE
  • Defense Health Program — military medical and health care programs$33,781,270,000
    Department of Defense
    “…programs of the Department of Defense as authorized by law, $33,781,270,000; of which…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title VI, Other Department of Defense Programs; account: DEFENSE HEALTH PROGRAM
  • Operation and Maintenance, Army — unit readiness, training and installation support$32,738,173,000
    U.S. Army
    “…necessary for the operation and maintenance of the Army, as authorized by law, $32,738,173,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, ARMY
  • Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide — defense agencies other than the military departments$32,373,949,000
    Department of Defense (defense agencies)
    “…(other than the military departments), as authorized by law, $32,373,949,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Operation and Maintenance; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, DEFENSE-WIDE
  • Military Personnel, Air Force — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$27,958,795,000
    U.S. Air Force
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $27,958,795,000.Reserve personnel, armyFor…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, AIR FORCE
  • Military Personnel, Navy — active-duty pay, allowances and retirement-fund payments$27,889,405,000
    U.S. Navy
    “…note), and to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund, $27,889,405,000.Military personnel, marine…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Military Personnel; account: MILITARY PERSONNEL, NAVY
  • Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy — carriers, Virginia-class submarines and surface combatants ("In all")$21,156,886,000
    U.S. Navy
    “…Year Shipbuilding Programs, $160,274,000; and Polar Icebreakers (AP), $150,000,000.In all: $21,156,886,000, to remain…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Procurement; account: SHIPBUILDING AND CONVERSION, NAVY
  • Overseas Contingency Operations — additional Operation and Maintenance, Army (war funding)$15,693,068,000
    U.S. Army
    “…Maintenance, ArmyFor an additional amount for Operation and Maintenance, Army, $15,693,068,000: Provided, That…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IX, Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, ARMY
  • NNSA Weapons Activities — atomic energy defense nuclear weapons stockpile work$9,318,093,000
    National Nuclear Security Administration
    “…facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, $9,318,093,000, to remain…”
    Div D (Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Energy, NNSA; account: WEAPONS ACTIVITIES
  • Afghanistan Security Forces Fund — equipping, training and sustaining Afghan security forces$4,262,715,000
    Afghanistan
    “…of 1985.Afghanistan Security Forces FundFor the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund, $4,262,715,000, to remain…”
    Div C (Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IX, Overseas Contingency Operations; account: AFGHANISTAN SECURITY FORCES FUND

income security$161.2B · 13%

  • Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP / food stamps)$78,480,694,000
    USDA Food and Nutrition Service; State agencies
    “…and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), $78,480,694,000, of which…”
    Div A (Agriculture-Rural Development-FDA Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Domestic Food Programs; account: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
  • Supplemental Security Income benefit payments and administration$43,618,163,000
    Social Security Administration
    “…incurred pursuant to section 201(g)(1) of the Social Security Act, $43,618,163,000, to remain…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Related Agencies, SSA; account: SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME PROGRAM
  • Child nutrition programs — National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs$22,793,982,000
    States and school districts
    “…(42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), except sections 17 and 21; $22,793,982,000 to remain…”
    Div A (Agriculture-Rural Development-FDA Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, Domestic Food Programs; account: CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS
  • Section 8 tenant-based rental assistance (Housing Choice Vouchers), fiscal year 2017 amount$16,292,000,000
    Public housing agencies and assisted households
    “…1437 et seq.) (the Act herein), not otherwise provided for, $16,292,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, HUD, Public and Indian Housing; account: TENANT-BASED RENTAL ASSISTANCE

education$40.3B · 3%

  • Student financial assistance — Pell Grants, Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants and Federal Work-Study$24,198,210,000
    U.S. undergraduates
    “…A, and part C of title IV of the HEA, $24,198,210,000, which shall…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Education; account: STUDENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
  • Title I Education for the Disadvantaged — grants to school districts serving low-income students$16,143,790,000
    State and local educational agencies
    “…Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as HEA), $16,143,790,000, of which…”
    Div H (Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Department of Education; account: EDUCATION FOR THE DISADVANTAGED

other$25.0B · 2%

  • U.S. Customs and Border Protection operations and support$10,900,636,000
    U.S. Customs and Border Protection
    “…aerial systems; and contracting with individuals for personal services abroad; $10,900,636,000; of which…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Security, Enforcement and Investigations, CBP; account: OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation salaries and expenses$8,767,201,000
    Federal Bureau of Investigation
    “…detection, investigation, and prosecution of crimes against the United States, $8,767,201,000, of which…”
    Div B (Commerce-Justice-Science Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Department of Justice, FBI; account: SALARIES AND EXPENSES
  • IRS Enforcement — tax examinations, collections and criminal investigations$4,860,000,000
    Internal Revenue Service
    “…at such rates as may be determined by the Commissioner, $4,860,000,000, of which…”
    Div E (Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Department of the Treasury, IRS; account: ENFORCEMENT
  • Additional CBP procurement and construction for the highest-priority border security requirements$497,400,000
    U.S. Customs and Border Protection — southwest border
    “…and improvementsFor an additional amount for Procurement, Construction, and Improvements, $497,400,000, to remain…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title VI, Department of Homeland Security—Additional Appropriations, CBP; account: PROCUREMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENTS

transportation$10.5B · 1%

  • FAA Operations — air traffic control, aviation safety and certification$10,025,852,000
    Federal Aviation Administration
    “…in addition to amounts made available by Public Law 112–95, $10,025,852,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, FAA; account: OPERATIONS (AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND)
  • Grants to Amtrak for the Northeast Corridor (Boston-New York-Washington)$328,000,000
    National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) — Northeast Corridor
    “…America’s Surface Transportation Act (division A of Public Law 114–94), $328,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, Federal Railroad Administration; account: NORTHEAST CORRIDOR GRANTS TO THE NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION
  • Capital and preventive maintenance grants to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority$150,000,000
    WMATA — Washington DC, Maryland and Virginia
    “…under section 601 of division B of Public Law 110–432, $150,000,000, to remain…”
    Div K (Transportation-HUD Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, DOT, FTA; account: GRANTS TO THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY

community & regional development$7.3B · 1%

  • FEMA Disaster Relief Fund — response and recovery for declared disasters$7,328,515,000
    Federal Emergency Management Agency
    “…Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), $7,328,515,000, to remain…”
    Div F (Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title III, Protection, Preparedness, Response and Recovery, FEMA; account: DISASTER RELIEF FUND

international affairs$4.8B · 0.4%

  • Foreign Military Financing Program — grants for allied governments to buy U.S. defense articles$4,785,805,000
    Foreign governments
    “…provisions of section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act, $4,785,805,000: Provided, That…”
    Div J (State-Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title IV, International Security Assistance; account: FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM

water$3.1B · 0.2%

  • Army Corps of Engineers Operation and Maintenance — rivers, harbors, flood and storm damage reduction projects$3,149,000,000
    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
    “…waters; clearing and straightening channels; and removing obstructions to navigation, $3,149,000,000, to remain…”
    Div D (Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title I, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

veterans$50.0M · 0.0%

  • Additional VA Medical Services funding$50,000,000
    Department of Veterans Affairs
    “…health administration medical servicesFor an additional amount for Medical Services, $50,000,000, to remain…”
    Div L (Military Construction and Veterans Affairs—Additional Appropriations Act, 2017) — Title II, Department of Veterans Affairs; account: MEDICAL SERVICES

How this was built

Fetched the enrolled XML (bill-stage="Enrolled-Bill", 3,263,642 bytes) from the keyless GovInfo bulk BILLS collection with python3 requests, then rendered a faithful text via ElementTree itertext with whitespace normalization (2,066,910 chars). Walked the XML appropriations hierarchy (division > title > appropriations-major > appropriations-intermediate > appropriations-small), took the largest dollar figure in each leaf account, ranked all 997 money-bearing leaves, and read each operative verb to assign a funding mechanism. Every citation quote is generated as an exact character-offset slice of that faithful text and re-checked as a substring. 45 of 45 sampled figures were re-located as exact strings in the source text. Source: GovInfo enrolled bill text. Full bill text.

Extraction notes (technical)

H.R. 244 was introduced 2017-01-04 by Rep. Paul Cook [R-CA-8] as the HIRE Vets Act; it became the legislative vehicle for the FY2017 omnibus and was enacted 2017-05-05 as Public Law 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017. The original HIRE Vets text survives as Division O. SOURCE CALL: spending_source is bill_text. This is a classic appropriations act -- essentially every dollar appears in the operative text as an explicit "$X for <purpose>" account line, so no CBO score is needed to find the money. MECHANISMS: the three largest dollar figures in the whole bill are NOT spending. $500,000,000,000 (Ginnie Mae), $400,000,000,000 (FHA Mutual Mortgage Insurance) and $27,500,000,000 (SBA 7(a)) are ceilings on NEW loan/MBS guarantee commitments -- the operative words are "New commitments ... shall not exceed" / "commitments ... shall not exceed" -- and no cash leaves the Treasury. A fourth, $30,000,000,000 for the FHA General and Special Risk fund, is the same kind of ceiling and is disclosed here but not extracted as a separate line. HIGHWAYS are split deliberately: $43,266,100,000 is an obligation LIMITATION on Highway Trust Fund contract authority created by the FAST Act, and $44,005,100,000 is the liquidating cash that pays those obligations. Neither is new budget authority created by this law, and summing them with the appropriations would double-count. AUTHORIZATION vs APPROPRIATION: Division N (Intelligence Authorization Act for FY2017) authorizes rather than appropriates -- its public figures say "There is authorized to be appropriated" ($563,588,000 for the Intelligence Community Management Account; $514,000,000 for the CIA Retirement and Disability Fund). VERIFIER NOTE: $514,000,000 appears TWICE in the Act -- once as the Division N authorization just described, and once as a real Division C, Title VII appropriation ("For payment to the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System Fund ... $514,000,000."). Division C, Title VII also appropriates $515,596,000 for the Intelligence Community Management Account itself. Neither Division C figure is extracted as a line-item here, so neither the authorization nor its appropriated twin can double-count. The rest of the FY2017 intelligence budget sits in a classified Schedule of Authorizations with no public dollar, and nothing is invented for it. Division O (HIRE Vets Act) creates a veterans employment award program and carries no appropriation. SET-ASIDES: the Israel FMF floor ($3,100,000,000), the Egypt FMF earmark ($1,300,000,000) and the 40-mile border-fence replacement ($341,200,000) are carve-outs INSIDE line-items already counted (Foreign Military Financing Program; CBP Procurement, Construction and Improvements). They are disclosed for detail and never summed into the pie. Section 8 tenant-based rental assistance is entered at the $16,292,000,000 fiscal-2017 figure; the account's separate $4,000,000,000 advance and its $18,355,000,000 renewal allocation drawn across both years are deliberately NOT added, to avoid double-counting. Puerto Rico's $295,900,000 Medicaid allotment increase (Division M) is direct/mandatory spending, not a discretionary appropriation -- it amends section 1108(g) of the Social Security Act rather than providing budget authority for fiscal 2017. EARMARK DETAIL: section 4 of the Act gives the joint explanatory statement the effect of a conference report; project-by-project detail for fiscal 2017 lives in that separate document, not in the bill text, so only account-level totals are extracted here. COVERAGE: these are the largest and most illustrative accounts across Divisions A-N of a 2,066,910-character omnibus, not every account in it, so the tracked total is a FLOOR, never a claim about the bill's complete total.

How this lands in a state

two layers, in order: reported, shown

Pick a state and this section gives you two different things, and keeps them apart. First, what the government itself reports — obligations Treasury tags to this law, where such a tag exists. Second, the state’s own numbers — the same rows an assessment would be given, with their sources and vintages, so you can check this page against the record behind it. Every state is treated identically.

1. What the government reports

no official per-state breakdown exists for this law

No official source breaks H.R. 244 down by state, so this page publishes no per-state dollar figure for it. No Disaster Emergency Fund Code maps to this law, so no reported obligation can be traced back to it. Without that tag there is no audit trail from an award to this bill, and any per-state figure would be modelled rather than derived.

Two of the 31 laws tracked on this site can be broken down honestly — the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the American Rescue Plan Act — because Treasury tags their money with a Disaster Emergency Fund Code that maps to one public law and no other. Where no such code exists, a per-state figure would be modelled rather than derived, and this site does not publish modelled numbers.

The route we refuse to take, and why (technical)

USAspending's award SEARCH endpoints accept the same def_codes filter but select AWARDS, not DOLLARS: they return an award's entire obligation if any part of it touched the law's money. That route reported a single Sandia National Laboratories contract as $42.8B of IIJA money in New Mexico against a true DEFC-apportioned $64.5M, and overstated ARPA nationally by about 80%. It is not used here and must not be.

2. The assessment

nothing staged into this build

No assessments were staged into this build. This layer reads precomputed readings out of the page, and this build carries none, so there is nothing here for any state — a gap in the build rather than a fact about H.R. 244. The two sourced layers either side of it are unaffected: they are the government’s figures and the state’s own, and neither depends on a model.

3. The state’s own numbers

the rows the assessment was given

Choose a state above to see the measured profile the assessment reads from — its industry mix, its concentrations, and its energy consumption, each with its source and vintage.

Ask about this bill

Ask a question and Claude (an AI model) answers it from this page’s verified record only — the line items, disclosures and CBO estimate shown above. Answers are AI-generated at your request, are not this site’s editorial voice, and will say so when the record doesn’t cover your question. If an answer ever disagrees with a number on the page, the page is right.

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