H.R. 3684 — Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)
The 2021 infrastructure law: transportation, broadband, energy, water and environment spending, moved through appropriations, Highway Trust Fund contract authority and authorizations.
What the tracked text contains
Of the money itself: $279.9B across 22 tracked line-items — transportation ($126.0B, 45%), broadband ($64.4B, 23%) and energy ($61.4B, 22%) lead; 3 smaller categories carry the rest. The largest single line: $90,000,000,000 for Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund (backfills highway contract authority; not a program outlay). Beyond the cash, the text also sets $62.7B of authorizations (a ceiling on future spending), $52.5B of trust-fund contract authority and $6.0B of loan-guarantee ceilings — disclosed beside the total, never summed into it.
If the title matched the money, it would be the “Transportation, Broadband, Energy and Water Spending Act of 2021”.
117th Congress · Enrolled (enacted, Public Law 117-58) · Rep. Peter A. DeFazio (D-OR), Chair, Transportation & Infrastructure · signed into law Nov. 15, 2021 · read the full bill text →
Where the money goes
$279.9B across 22 tracked items · compare against another law →This pie is a sample — the largest and most illustrative line-items — not an enumeration of the roughly 1,742 dollar figures of $1M or more in the law. The widely-cited “$1.2 trillion” topline is a CBO and administration construct, not a line in the enrolled text, and is not reconstructed here.
The largest verified line-items. This pie breaks down the biggest spending items in the bill — appropriations and mandatory (direct) spending — by category. Every dollar is quoted from the text; click any slice to read them. It is not necessarily every dollar in the bill, and the gaps are not always small ones — where an account was left out, How this was built at the foot of this page says so and why, and a large omission can change which category ranks first. Figures that aren’t spending — authorizations, guarantee ceilings, pay-fors, and carve-outs already counted — are deliberately left out and disclosed below.
The money map
blocks sized by dollars — open one for the law’s own wordsArea is dollars. Each block is one category of tracked spending in H.R. 3684, sized by its share of the $279.9B this page tracks. Open a block and it lists the line-items inside it, each with the passage of the enacted text that carries the dollar figure, quoted word for word, and the section it sits in. Category names are the extraction’s own labels, printed as they come — nothing here calls a category worthwhile or wasteful. The quote is the argument.
This map divides the same tracked total the pie above divides — money the text writes as exact dollar lines. It is not the bill’s total fiscal effect: what the extraction leaves out is stated above the pie and in How this was built at the foot of this page, and the dollars deliberately kept out of the count are listed under the map.
2 of the 6 blocks are too small to carry a label without overprinting themselves, so they are drawn blank — every category is named, with its figures, in the rows and the table below.
transportation$126.0B
$126,000,000,000 · 45% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 3 tracked line-items, largest first
- Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund (backfills highway contract authority; not a program outlay)$90,000,000,000→ Highway Trust Fund — Highway Account
“…(A)$90,000,000,000 to…”
Division H (Revenue Provisions) — Sec 80103, amending IRC §9503(f)(11) 'Further transfers to trust fund' - Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund$28,000,000,000→ Highway Trust Fund — Mass Transit Account
“…Account (as defined in subsection (e)(5)(B)) in the Highway Trust Fund; and (B)$28,000,000,000 to…”
Division H (Revenue Provisions) — Sec 80103, amending IRC §9503(f)(11) 'Further transfers to trust fund' - Federal Transit Administration Capital Investment Grants (New Starts transit)$8,000,000,000→ Federal Transit Administration
“…For an additional amount for Capital Investment Grants, $8,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title VIII Transportation/HUD; Federal Transit Administration; account: CAPITAL INVESTMENT GRANTS (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
broadband$64.4B
$64,400,000,000 · 23% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 6 tracked line-items, largest first
- Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program grants to States$42,450,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program, $42,450,000,000,…”
Division J (Appropriations) — Title II Commerce/Justice/Science; National Telecommunications and Information Administration; account (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) - Affordable Connectivity Fund (broadband affordability subsidy)$14,200,000,000→ Federal Communications Commission
“…For an additional amount for the Affordable Connectivity Fund, $14,200,000,000,…”
Division J — Title IV Financial Services & General Government; FCC; account: AFFORDABLE CONNECTIVITY FUND - State Digital Equity Capacity + Competitive Grant programs$2,750,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Digital Equity, $2,750,000,000,…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Digital Equity (including transfer of funds) - Rural broadband — Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband (ReConnect) Program$2,000,000,000→ USDA Rural Utilities Service
“…For an additional amount for Rural Utilities Service—Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program, $2,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title I Agriculture/Rural Development; Rural Utilities Service; account: Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program - Broadband Connectivity Fund (unserved/tribal deployment)$2,000,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Broadband Connectivity Fund, $2,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Broadband connectivity fund - NTIA Middle Mile broadband deployment grants$1,000,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Middle Mile Deployment, $1,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Middle mile deployment (including transfer of funds)
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
energy$61.4B
$61,417,140,781 · 22% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 6 tracked line-items, largest first
- DOE Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (hydrogen hubs, carbon capture, grid demos)$21,456,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, $21,456,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations - DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs$16,264,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy”, $16,264,000,000 to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - DOE Electricity program (grid resilience, transmission, storage)$8,100,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Electricity, $8,100,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Electricity - DOE Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (carbon capture, DAC, hydrogen)$7,497,140,781→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, $7,497,140,781,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Fossil Energy and Carbon Management - DOE Nuclear Energy program$6,000,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Nuclear Energy, $6,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Nuclear Energy - Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance & Innovation (CIFIA) program$2,100,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account, $2,100,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE; account: Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
water$24.5B
$24,465,000,000 · 9% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 5 tracked line-items, largest first
- Army Corps of Engineers Construction (harbors, locks, flood-risk projects)$11,615,000,000→ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil
“…For an additional amount for “Construction”, $11,615,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: construction - Bureau of Reclamation Water and Related Resources (Western water, drought, storage)$8,300,000,000→ Bureau of Reclamation — 17 Western States
“…For an additional amount for Water and Related Resources, $8,300,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; account: WATER AND RELATED RESOURCES (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) - Army Corps of Engineers Operations and Maintenance$4,000,000,000→ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil
“…For an additional amount for “Operations and Maintenance”, $4,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: Operations and Maintenance (including transfer of funds) - Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations$500,000,000→ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
“…For an additional amount for Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations, $500,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title I Agriculture; Farm Production & Conservation, NRCS; account: Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations - Central Utah Project Completion Account$50,000,000→ Central Utah Project — State of Utah
“…For an additional amount for Central Utah Project Completion Account, $50,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Interior, Central Utah Project; account: CENTRAL UTAH PROJECT COMPLETION ACCOUNT
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
environment$2.6B
$2,611,000,000 · 1% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first
- NOAA Operations, Research, and Facilities (coastal resilience, mapping)$2,611,000,000→ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
“…For an additional amount for ‘‘Operations, Research, and Facilities’’, $2,611,000,000,…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; account: OPERATIONS, RESEARCH, AND FACILITIES
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
community & regional development$1.0B
$1,000,000,000 · 0.4% of the $279,893,140,781 this page tracks · 1 tracked line-item, largest first
- Appalachian Regional Commission (economic development in Appalachia)$1,000,000,000→ Appalachian Regional Commission — Appalachia (13 states)
“…For an additional amount for Appalachian Regional Commission, $1,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Independent Agencies; account: Appalachian Regional Commission
These same line-items appear in the full cited ledger lower on this page, where each one also carries the fiscal year the text gives it, when it gives one.
- Authorizations (a ceiling on future spending) · 6 tracked items$62.7B
- Trust-fund contract authority · 1 tracked item$52.5B
- Loan-guarantee ceilings · 1 tracked item$6.0B
None of these are added to the map. They are ceilings, borrowing limits, carve-outs of dollars already counted inside a block above, or pay-fors — summing them into the map would count the same money twice and draw permission to spend as spending. Each is itemized further down this page.
| Category | Tracked dollars | Share of $279,893,140,781 | Line-items |
|---|---|---|---|
| transportation | $126,000,000,000 | 45% | 3 |
| broadband | $64,400,000,000 | 23% | 6 |
| energy | $61,417,140,781 | 22% | 6 |
| water | $24,465,000,000 | 9% | 5 |
| environment | $2,611,000,000 | 1% | 1 |
| community & regional development | $1,000,000,000 | 0.4% | 1 |
| Tracked total | $279,893,140,781 | 100% | 22 |
What’s in this bill
every mechanism we could extract, at one scaleA law can move money four different ways, and only one of them is cash. This compares what H.R. 3684 actually spends against what it authorizes, caps, guarantees or pays for. Every bar is a sample. Each one sums the tracked line-items in that mechanism — the largest figures that appear in the text as an exact dollar string — so a bar is a floor, not a mechanism total, and on some laws it is a small fraction of one. Each bar carries its item count and, where the items carry years, the span it covers and where those years came from.
These bars are not added together. Only the top bar is money leaving the Treasury. The rest are ceilings, borrowing limits, carve-outs of money already counted above, or pay-fors — summing them would count the same dollars twice and treat permission to spend as spending. How this was built says what each extraction left out.
What CBO says it does to the deficit
verified estimate, quoted with its basisCBO's full estimate: about $256 billion added to deficits over 2021–2031 (the whole law, discretionary spending included. On the narrower mandatory-and-revenues basis CBO's enacted-law compilation shows the opposite sign — a $159 billion deficit decrease — which is why the basis is stated here: both numbers are CBO, and quoting either alone would mislead.) Source: CBO, Senate Amendment 2137 to H.R. 3684 (cost estimate) · CBO, Legislation Enacted in the First Session of the 117th Congress
This same estimate sits beside each member’s recorded vote on their page and feeds the grade’s fiscal-conduct block — see the methodology.
The terms on this page, in plain English
What these things actually are — and what this bill does to each of them. Written for readers, not staffers; every figure in the “in this bill” lines appears elsewhere on this page.
The Highway Trust Fund
The federal government's dedicated road-and-transit account. Money flows in from federal taxes on gasoline and diesel, and flows out to state highway and transit projects. Congress promises states money from it years in advance — so the fund's health depends on fuel-tax receipts keeping up with the promises, and for years they haven't. When the gap gets big enough, Congress moves ordinary Treasury money in to cover it.
In this bill: This law is one of those top-ups, and the biggest thing in it: its largest single line is a $90 billion transfer of general Treasury money into the fund's Highway Account, plus $28 billion more into the Mass Transit Account.
Contract authority
A promise now, cash later. Congress lets highway agencies sign binding commitments against future trust-fund money before any cash is in hand — useful because a bridge takes years to build. The commitments are real spending eventually, but the figure here is permission to commit, so it is disclosed beside the total rather than counted as money out the door.
In this bill: The $52.5 billion here is one year of federal-aid highway contract authority — the promises states build against.
Authorization (“authorized to be appropriated”)
Permission, not money. “There is authorized to be appropriated $X” sets a ceiling on what a future spending bill may provide — and if that later bill never passes, not a dollar moves. Much of a landmark law's famous headline number is this kind of permission, which is why this site never adds it to the spending total.
Mandatory vs. discretionary spending
Discretionary money must be re-approved every year in appropriations bills — if Congress does nothing, it stops. Mandatory (also called direct) spending is written into permanent law and flows automatically until Congress changes the law itself. Benefit programs mostly work the mandatory way, which is why they don't show up in the yearly funding fights.
Loan-guarantee ceiling
The government co-signing loans, not spending money. The figure caps how much new lending the government may promise to stand behind; cash leaves the Treasury only if borrowers default. These ceilings can dwarf a bill's actual spending — which is exactly why they are shown separately and never summed into it.
Advance appropriation
Money approved now for a future year. Used above all for veterans' benefits and care, so that a government shutdown or a late budget can never interrupt disability checks or hospital operations — the money for next year is already law.
What it should actually be called
“The Potholes, Broadband and a Very Large IOU to the Highway Fund Act”
Light-hearted, but earned — every word of it is accounted for in the figures and terms above.
How they voted
| For | Against | Abstained | Did not vote | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House | 142 50% | 141 50% | — | — | 283 |
| Democrats | 136 97% | 4 3% | — | — | 140 |
| Republicans | 6 4% | 137 96% | — | — | 143 |
| Senate | 59 68% | 27 31% | — | 1 1% | 87 |
| Democrats | 43 100% | — | — | — | 43 |
| Republicans | 14 33% | 27 64% | — | 1 2% | 42 |
| Independents | 2 100% | — | — | — | 2 |
“Did not vote” is not the same as “absent.” The record distinguishes Present — there, and formally declining to take a side — from Not Voting, where no vote was cast. That is usually absence, but the roll call does not say so, so this table does not either.
Did not vote (1): Mike Rounds (R-SD).
A member is recorded as not voting for many ordinary reasons — illness, a death in the family, official travel, or a paired vote arranged with a colleague on the other side. The roll call gives no reason, so neither does this page, and nothing here is counted against anyone’s grade. This site tracks a small number of major bills, so a single absence is a large share of what is shown here and a very small share of the hundreds of votes a member actually casts.
These tallies count the 370 members sitting today who have a recorded position, not the historical result. Several of these bills passed in earlier Congresses, and members who have since left are not in the roster — so the totals here are smaller than the 435 + 100 that voted at the time. Where both chambers held a recorded vote, a member is grouped by the chamber they sit in now; anyone who has switched chambers since then appears in their current row.
Authorizations (a ceiling on future spending) — $62.7B
“There are authorized to be appropriated $X” sets a CAP on what a future appropriations bill may provide — it is permission, not money. Much of a landmark law’s headline figure is this. It is disclosed here, never summed into the pie, because the cash only exists if a later bill actually appropriates it.
- AUTHORIZATION for the BEAD Program (this is the SAME $ later APPROPRIATED in Division J — must NOT be summed with the Div J appropriation)$42.5B
- AUTHORIZATION — Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs)$8.0B
- AUTHORIZATION — Civil Nuclear Credit Program (keep existing reactors operating)$6.0B
- AUTHORIZATION — Carbon removal (Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs)$3.5B
- AUTHORIZATION — additional Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization (per year, each of FY2022-26)$1.6B
- AUTHORIZATION — additional Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization (per year, each of FY2022-26)$1.1B
Trust-fund contract authority — $52.5B
Highway/transit contract authority drawn from a trust fund, phrased as an obligation ceiling. Real spending, but drawn down over years and set here as a limit — disclosed, not folded into the pie, to avoid double-counting with any general-fund transfer that backs it.
- Federal-aid highway program contract authority, FY2022 (NHPP, STBG, HSIP, CMAQ, freight, carbon reduction, PROTECT)$52.5B
Loan-guarantee ceilings — $6.0B
Caps on NEW loan or mortgage-backed-security guarantee commitments. No cash is spent — the government only backstops private lending — so these are excluded from the pie entirely.
- Ceiling on additional borrowing authority for power-marketing-administration transmission (credit ceiling, no cash outlay)$6.0B
Every tracked dollar, cited
22 spending line-items · none carries a fiscal yeartransportation$126.0B · 45%
- Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund (backfills highway contract authority; not a program outlay)$90,000,000,000→ Highway Trust Fund — Highway Account
“…(A)$90,000,000,000 to…”
Division H (Revenue Provisions) — Sec 80103, amending IRC §9503(f)(11) 'Further transfers to trust fund' - Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund$28,000,000,000→ Highway Trust Fund — Mass Transit Account
“…Account (as defined in subsection (e)(5)(B)) in the Highway Trust Fund; and (B)$28,000,000,000 to…”
Division H (Revenue Provisions) — Sec 80103, amending IRC §9503(f)(11) 'Further transfers to trust fund' - Federal Transit Administration Capital Investment Grants (New Starts transit)$8,000,000,000→ Federal Transit Administration
“…For an additional amount for Capital Investment Grants, $8,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title VIII Transportation/HUD; Federal Transit Administration; account: CAPITAL INVESTMENT GRANTS (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)
broadband$64.4B · 23%
- Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program grants to States$42,450,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program, $42,450,000,000,…”
Division J (Appropriations) — Title II Commerce/Justice/Science; National Telecommunications and Information Administration; account (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) - Affordable Connectivity Fund (broadband affordability subsidy)$14,200,000,000→ Federal Communications Commission
“…For an additional amount for the Affordable Connectivity Fund, $14,200,000,000,…”
Division J — Title IV Financial Services & General Government; FCC; account: AFFORDABLE CONNECTIVITY FUND - State Digital Equity Capacity + Competitive Grant programs$2,750,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Digital Equity, $2,750,000,000,…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Digital Equity (including transfer of funds) - Rural broadband — Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband (ReConnect) Program$2,000,000,000→ USDA Rural Utilities Service
“…For an additional amount for Rural Utilities Service—Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program, $2,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title I Agriculture/Rural Development; Rural Utilities Service; account: Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program - Broadband Connectivity Fund (unserved/tribal deployment)$2,000,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Broadband Connectivity Fund, $2,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Broadband connectivity fund - NTIA Middle Mile broadband deployment grants$1,000,000,000→ National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)
“…For an additional amount for Middle Mile Deployment, $1,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; NTIA; account: Middle mile deployment (including transfer of funds)
energy$61.4B · 22%
- DOE Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (hydrogen hubs, carbon capture, grid demos)$21,456,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, $21,456,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations - DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs$16,264,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for “Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy”, $16,264,000,000 to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy - DOE Electricity program (grid resilience, transmission, storage)$8,100,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Electricity, $8,100,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Electricity - DOE Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (carbon capture, DAC, hydrogen)$7,497,140,781→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, $7,497,140,781,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Fossil Energy and Carbon Management - DOE Nuclear Energy program$6,000,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Nuclear Energy, $6,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE Energy Programs; account: Nuclear Energy - Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance & Innovation (CIFIA) program$2,100,000,000→ Department of Energy
“…For an additional amount for Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account, $2,100,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; DOE; account: Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account
water$24.5B · 9%
- Army Corps of Engineers Construction (harbors, locks, flood-risk projects)$11,615,000,000→ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil
“…For an additional amount for “Construction”, $11,615,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: construction - Bureau of Reclamation Water and Related Resources (Western water, drought, storage)$8,300,000,000→ Bureau of Reclamation — 17 Western States
“…For an additional amount for Water and Related Resources, $8,300,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; account: WATER AND RELATED RESOURCES (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) - Army Corps of Engineers Operations and Maintenance$4,000,000,000→ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil
“…For an additional amount for “Operations and Maintenance”, $4,000,000,000,…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers—Civil; account: Operations and Maintenance (including transfer of funds) - Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations$500,000,000→ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
“…For an additional amount for Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations, $500,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title I Agriculture; Farm Production & Conservation, NRCS; account: Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations - Central Utah Project Completion Account$50,000,000→ Central Utah Project — State of Utah
“…For an additional amount for Central Utah Project Completion Account, $50,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Dept. of the Interior, Central Utah Project; account: CENTRAL UTAH PROJECT COMPLETION ACCOUNT
environment$2.6B · 1%
- NOAA Operations, Research, and Facilities (coastal resilience, mapping)$2,611,000,000→ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
“…For an additional amount for ‘‘Operations, Research, and Facilities’’, $2,611,000,000,…”
Division J — Title II Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; account: OPERATIONS, RESEARCH, AND FACILITIES
community & regional development$1.0B · 0.4%
- Appalachian Regional Commission (economic development in Appalachia)$1,000,000,000→ Appalachian Regional Commission — Appalachia (13 states)
“…For an additional amount for Appalachian Regional Commission, $1,000,000,000, to…”
Division J — Title III Energy & Water; Independent Agencies; account: Appalachian Regional Commission
How this was built
lxml structural parse of the enrolled XML; Division J appropriations read from appropriations-major/intermediate/small account lead text; authorizations/contract-authority/transfers located by section via the element tree. Every quote is a <=15-word verbatim substring produced by faithful itertext() extraction and re-checked by exact substring search. Represents the 30 largest/most-illustrative items, NOT an exhaustive enumeration of the ~1,742 dollar figures >= $1M in the law. 30 of 30 sampled figures were re-located as exact strings in the source text. Source: GovInfo bulk BILLS collection (keyless); bill-stage='Enrolled-Bill'. Full bill text.
Extraction notes (technical)
IIJA extends the H.R. 4820 mechanism taxonomy with three new mechanisms that a landmark authorization law requires: 'authorization' (there are authorized to be appropriated $X -- a ceiling on future appropriations, the single most common big-dollar phrasing here with 184 occurrences), 'contract_authority' (Highway-Trust-Fund tables, 'authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund', obligation-limited elsewhere), and 'direct_spending' (the mandatory $90B + $28B general-fund transfers to the HTF in Division H, 'there is hereby appropriated'). Division J alone contains ~91 account line-items carrying dollar figures and is a standard advance-appropriations act structurally identical to the H.R. 4820 PoC. All 30 extracted dollar strings verify as exact substrings of the fetched enrolled text (found_in_raw_source and quote_found_verbatim both true for every item). Revenue/offset provisions (Division H) were reviewed but yield no concrete '$X offset' line-items (they are excise-tax rate/date changes and IRC amendments scored by JCT), so revenue_or_offset has zero extracted items by design, not omission. Counts and dollar sums are over the 30 SAMPLED items only, not the whole law. The $42,450,000,000 BEAD figure appears in BOTH the 'authorization' bucket (Division F Sec 60102) and the 'appropriation' bucket (Division J NTIA) -- these are the SAME dollars and must NOT be added together. Mechanisms must never be summed across categories. Verdict: MIXED — text extraction works for the APPROPRIATIONS portion only, and mechanisms must be kept separate. IIJA is a hybrid law: Divisions A-I are an AUTHORIZATION + CONTRACT-AUTHORITY statute (surface-transportation reauthorization plus energy/water/broadband authorizations), while Division J is a genuine multi-agency ADVANCE APPROPRIATIONS act ('the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022'). The headline 'new' IIJA dollars that DO exist as clean '$X for Y' lines in the operative text are almost entirely in Division J (BEAD $42.45B, DOE Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations $21.456B, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy $16.264B, FCC Affordable Connectivity Fund $14.2B, Army Corps Construction $11.615B, Bureau of Reclamation $8.3B), plus the Highway-Trust-Fund contract-authority tables in Divisions A-C and the $118B general-fund transfer to the HTF in Division H. THE TRAP: the enrolled text contains 184 occurrences of 'authorized to be appropriated $X' across Divisions A-G. These are CEILINGS on FUTURE appropriations, not spending, and at least one (BEAD's $42,450,000,000) is the SAME dollars Division J actually appropriates -- so summing authorizations + appropriations double-counts. A naive 'sum every dollar in the bill' would be badly wrong, exactly as the H.R. 4820 PoC warned. WHAT IS NOT IN THE TEXT: the widely-cited '$1.2 trillion total / ~$550 billion new investment' topline is a CBO/administration construct built from CBO's cost estimate and multi-year authorization+appropriation totals, NOT any single line in the enrolled text. Division H revenue pay-fors (superfund excise taxes, customs user-fee extension, employee-retention-credit termination, digital-asset broker reporting) do NOT resolve to concrete '$X offset' strings -- they are rate/date changes scored by JCT/CBO and were NOT extracted. RECOMMENDATION: for landmark laws use a MIXED source approach -- (1) extract concrete per-account spending line-items from the TEXT where they exist as '$X for Y' (Division J appropriations, Div A-C contract-authority tables, Div H HTF transfers), each tagged with its mechanism and NEVER summed across mechanisms; (2) tag 'authorized to be appropriated' figures as authorizations and disclose them SEPARATELY (like the guarantee-ceiling block in the H.R. 4820 PoC), de-duplicated against the appropriation of the same program; (3) for the site's aggregate 'cost of the law' headline, cite the CBO cost estimate for H.R. 3684 (public/keyless at cbo.gov) rather than reconstructing a total from bill text -- reconstructing it from text is not honestly possible and invites the double-count error. BOTTOM LINE: bill TEXT is the right source for citable per-line-item spending (it exists and every extracted dollar verifies as an exact substring), but the law's TOTAL should be sourced from the CBO score, not summed from the text.
How this lands in a state
three layers, in order: reported, read, shownPick a state and this section gives you three different things, and keeps them apart. First, what the government itself reports — obligations Treasury tags to this law, where such a tag exists. Second, an AI assessment written from this page’s verified record and that state’s published statistics, and checked against both before it was published here. Third, the state’s own numbers — the same rows the assessment was given, with their sources and vintages, so you can check the reading against the record it came from. Every state is treated identically.
1. What the government reports
obligations tagged to this public lawTreasury tags money to a public law with a Disaster Emergency Fund Code. Treasury's Disaster Emergency Fund Codes 1 and Z tag money provided by P.L. 117-58 and no other law. Summing the DEFC-apportioned column of the Account Breakdown by Award by place of performance is the only per-state figure this law supports. Across the whole country that comes to $538,904,513,793 over 479,423 award rows, covering fiscal years 2022–2026.
Choose a state above to see its figure, its fiscal-year split and its largest recipients.
What this figure is, and is not
- Obligations, not outlays. Obligations are money the government is legally bound to pay. They are not outlays -- money that has actually left the Treasury -- which lag obligations, often by years on construction. A figure here is what has been committed in that state, not what has been spent there.
- No claim about what it produced. These are obligations recorded against a law. Nothing here shows what any of it produced. Money was obligated; whether any outcome followed is a separate question this data does not answer.
- Place of performance is a choice, and it was measured. State here is the award's PRIMARY PLACE OF PERFORMANCE, not the recipient's mailing address. The share above is the fraction of dollars sitting in rows where the two disagree -- the size of the choice, measured rather than assumed. For IIJA that share is 6.7% of dollars.
- Fiscal years covered. Covers FY2022 through FY2026. FY2026 is PARTIAL -- only periods 1-9 are certified, so it is not a full year and the law's running total is still rising.
- The states do not sum to the national total. $11,894,012,582 across 3,326 rows sits in no state. Rows whose primary place of performance is blank or is not a state or territory (foreign locations among them). They are in the national total and in no state's. The picker above covers the 50 states; the District of Columbia and the territories also carry obligations under this law and are counted in the national figure.
- Against the bill’s own text. This page verifies $279,893,140,781 of appropriations line by line in the enrolled text of H.R. 3684. Reported DEFC-tagged obligations come to $538,904,513,793, which is 193% of the $279,893,140,781 of appropriations verified line by line in the enrolled bill text. THIS RATIO IS NOT A COMPLETION RATE, and the two figures are not the same quantity: the denominator counts dollars APPROPRIATED IN THE TEXT OF THE LAW, the numerator counts dollars OBLIGATED under any budget authority the law provided. For IIJA the numerator is the larger of the two, so the figure runs above 100%. bills.json counts the appropriations written into the law's own text, chiefly the advance appropriations in Division J. DEFC 1 and Z, by contrast, tag money the law provided through every channel -- including the multi-year contract authority for highway and transit formula programs, which is obligated out of the Highway Trust Fund rather than appropriated in the bill text. Obligations therefore exceed the appropriations verified in the text, which is expected and is not evidence of overspending.
- Source. USAspending.gov Account Breakdown by Award (File C). transaction_obligated_amount in File C is the share of an award apportioned to one Disaster Emergency Fund Code, which is how money is traced back to the public law that provided it. Summing it by place of performance is the only per-state figure these laws support.
The route we refuse to take, and why (technical)
USAspending's award SEARCH endpoints accept the same def_codes filter but select AWARDS, not DOLLARS: they return an award's entire obligation if any part of it touched the law's money. That route reported a single Sandia National Laboratories contract as $42.8B of IIJA money in New Mexico against a true DEFC-apportioned $64.5M, and overstated ARPA nationally by about 80%. It is not used here and must not be.
2. The assessment
AI-written, checked before publication — not the site’s voiceClaude (an AI model) read H.R. 3684’s verified line items and their quoted statutory text against each state’s published statistics, and reported how much of the law turns on anything measured there. Every reading was generated and checked before this page was published — against the same two records, by the same check the site applies — and one that failed the check was discarded rather than shown to anyone. It is not this site’s editorial voice. It is not a prediction and it is not advice. Every figure in it traces to the record below, and every provision it names carries statutory language quoted word for word. If it ever disagrees with a number on this page, the page is right. “Little connection” is a normal and expected answer.
Choose a state above to read it.
3. The state’s own numbers
the rows the assessment was givenChoose a state above to see the measured profile the assessment reads from — its industry mix, its concentrations, and its energy consumption, each with its source and vintage.
Ask about this bill
Ask a question and Claude (an AI model) answers it from this page’s verified record only — the line items, disclosures and CBO estimate shown above. Answers are AI-generated at your request, are not this site’s editorial voice, and will say so when the record doesn’t cover your question. If an answer ever disagrees with a number on the page, the page is right.