Congress › Massachusetts

Edward J. Markey

U.S. Senator, Massachusetts · Democratic · in office since Jan. 3, 2021

Edward J. Markey

U.S. Senator · Massachusetts · Democratic · in the Senate since July 2013

Overall grade · among senators

No. 42 of 91

−0.25σ · 65% of the grade measured

How this grade is built

35%Bills they move (LES)+0.09

30%Massachusetts: trend + condition (16% condition, 13y served)−0.34

25%Alignment (promises vs. votes)reserved

10%Attendancereserved

Massachusetts outcomes over their Senate service

Category	Latest	Score vs. peers
Education scale score	283.5 ’24	−1.11σ
Air quality AQI	37 ’24	−0.04σ
Water quality % of community systems	3.0 ’25	−0.10σ
Unemployment %	4.5 ’25	−1.15σ
Health coverage % of adults 18-64	4.3 ’24	+1.77σ
Tax burden % of personal income	6.5 ’24	−0.24σ
Energy cost cents/kWh	29.4 ’24	−1.92σ
Cost of living index, US=100	105.8 ’24	−0.57σ
Crime deaths per 100,000	2.2 ’24	+0.45σ
Teen births per 1,000 females 15-19	5.4 ’24	−0.23σ
Wellbeing mean days of past 30	4.5 ’24	+1.11σ
Obesity % of adults	27.0 ’24	+0.17σ
Early literacy % of 4th graders	31.7 ’24	−1.65σ
Gun deaths deaths per 100,000 (age-adjusted)	3.8 ’24	+0.66σ
Food-aid access index (higher = easier access)	1.2 ’23	+2.25σ
Jobless-benefit access % of unemployed receiving UI	41.2 ’24	+0.04σ

Their own record	Value
Legislative effectiveness LES · chamber avg = 1.0	1.11
Missed votes	2.9%
Ideology 0 = left · 1 = right (GovTrack)	0.07
Promises kept	In human review

A senator’s constituency is the whole state, so they are scored on the same verified state outcomes as the governor — ranked against other senators — alongside their own legislative record. Influence is shared with 99 colleagues and the governor; the score shows relative movement, not sole credit. Methodology v2.2

What Markey voted to fund

These pies aggregate the largest verified spending items — appropriations and mandatory outlays — in the bills Markey cast a recorded vote on, sliced by category, every dollar quoted from the bill text. Authorizations, guarantee ceilings and pay-fors are excluded, exactly as on the bill pages. This shows what the bills contained, by Markey’s own votes — not a claim that Markey wrote the spending or that it did or didn’t work. Click any slice to read the cited line-items.

Voted to fund — every dollar, cited

community & regional development$412.7B

Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund — aid to States, DC, territories, Tribes$219,800,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund — aid to metropolitan cities, counties, and smaller local governments$130,200,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
FEMA Disaster Relief Fund (incl. COVID-19 funeral assistance) — Federal Emergency Management Agency$50,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
HUD Community Development Fund (Community Development Block Grants, CDBG)$6,720,054,336
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Economic Adjustment Assistance (EDA) — regional economic recovery grants — Economic Development Administration (Dept. of Commerce)$3,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Local Assistance and Tribal Consistency Fund — Eligible revenue-sharing counties and Tribal governments$2,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Appalachian Regional Commission (economic development in Appalachia) — Appalachian Regional Commission — Appalachia (13 states)$1,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →

income security$301.3B

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP / food stamps)$122,382,521,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Child Nutrition Programs (National School Lunch, school breakfast, etc.)$33,266,226,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
HUD Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers)$28,386,831,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Child care stabilization grants to providers — Dept. of Health and Human Services$23,975,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Emergency rental assistance (ERA2) — Department of the Treasury$21,550,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
HUD Project-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8 project-based subsidy contracts)$15,610,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Child Care and Development Block Grant supplemental funding — Dept. of Health and Human Services$14,990,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Homeowner Assistance Fund (mortgage and housing cost relief) — Department of the Treasury$9,961,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
HUD Public Housing Fund — operation and capital for public housing agencies$8,810,784,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)$7,030,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Emergency Housing Vouchers (Housing Choice Voucher expansion) — Department of Housing and Urban Development$5,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Homelessness Assistance and Supportive Services Program (HOME-ARP) — Department of Housing and Urban Development$5,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) supplemental — Dept. of Health and Human Services$4,500,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
HUD grants/loans to improve energy/water efficiency and climate resilience of assisted housing$837,500,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →

transportation$202.9B

Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Highway Account of the Highway Trust Fund (backfills highway contract authority; not a program outlay) — Highway Trust Fund — Highway Account$90,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Federal Transit Administration grants (transit operating and capital) — Federal Transit Administration$30,461,355,534
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Mandatory general-fund transfer to the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund — Highway Trust Fund — Mass Transit Account$28,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Air Transportation Payroll Support Program extension (PSP3) — carriers and contractors$15,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
FAA Operations — air traffic control, safety and navigation$12,729,627,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Relief for airports — assistance to airport sponsors — Federal Aviation Administration$8,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Federal Transit Administration Capital Investment Grants (New Starts transit) — Federal Transit Administration$8,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
FHWA grants for low-embodied-carbon construction materials in transportation projects$2,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
FHWA Neighborhood Access and Equity grants (reconnecting communities split by highways)$1,893,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
USPS charging/infrastructure to support zero-emission delivery vehicles — United States Postal Service$1,710,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
U.S. Postal Service purchase of zero-emission delivery vehicles — United States Postal Service$1,290,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Amtrak National Network grants — National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) — National Network$1,286,321,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
FHWA Neighborhood Access and Equity — additional appropriation for grants in economically disadvantaged communities — Federal Highway Administration (economically disadvantaged communities)$1,262,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Amtrak Northeast Corridor grants — National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) — Northeast Corridor$1,141,442,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Grants to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority — Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) — DC/MD/VA$150,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →

education$162.6B

Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (K-12 ESSER III) — Department of Education$122,774,800,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund (HEERF III) — Department of Education$39,584,570,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Workforce and Education Fund, FY2025 (NSF microelectronics workforce; $200,000,000 total) — National Science Foundation$50,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Workforce and Education Fund, FY2026 (NSF microelectronics workforce; $200,000,000 total) — National Science Foundation$50,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Workforce and Education Fund, FY2027 (NSF microelectronics workforce; $200,000,000 total) — National Science Foundation$50,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Workforce and Education Fund, FY2023 (NSF microelectronics workforce; $200,000,000 total) — National Science Foundation$25,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Workforce and Education Fund, FY2024 (NSF microelectronics workforce; $200,000,000 total) — National Science Foundation$25,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

energy$128.0B

DOE Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (hydrogen hubs, carbon capture, grid demos) — Department of Energy$21,456,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs — Department of Energy$16,264,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund — general assistance for clean-energy financing — EPA Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund recipients$11,970,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Electricity program (grid resilience, transmission, storage) — Department of Energy$8,100,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund — financial assistance in low-income and disadvantaged communities$8,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (carbon capture, DAC, hydrogen) — Department of Energy$7,497,140,781
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
DOE Defense Environmental Cleanup — nuclear weapons complex cleanup$7,285,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund — zero-emission tech for low-income/disadvantaged communities (Solar for All) — States, municipalities, Tribal governments, eligible recipients$7,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Nuclear Energy program — Department of Energy$6,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
DOE grants/rebates for advanced industrial facilities to cut emissions — Energy-intensive industrial facilities$5,812,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment (sec. 1706) — appropriation for loan credit-subsidy costs$5,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE HOMES whole-house home-energy-efficiency rebates via State energy offices — State energy offices$4,300,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE high-efficiency electric home rebate program via State energy offices — State energy offices$4,275,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Loan Programs Office — appropriation for credit-subsidy costs of Title 17 loan guarantees$3,600,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy$3,460,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Advanced Technology Vehicle Manufacturing (ATVM) direct-loan program appropriation$3,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance & Innovation (CIFIA) program — Department of Energy$2,100,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Grants for domestic manufacturing conversion to produce EVs and hybrids — Domestic auto manufacturers$2,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
EPA Methane Emissions Reduction Program — grants/rebates/loans to cut oil-and-gas methane — Environmental Protection Agency$850,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program — appropriation for loan credit-subsidy costs — Indian Tribes / Tribal energy development$75,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →

other$127.3B

IRS tax enforcement — audits, collections, criminal investigations, litigation support$45,637,400,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
IRS operations support (facilities, IT, telecommunications, shared services)$25,326,400,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Federal Bureau of Investigation — Salaries and Expenses$10,643,713,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Global response to COVID-19 (international assistance) — Department of State / USAID$8,675,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons) — Salaries and Expenses$8,392,588,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
IRS business systems modernization$4,750,700,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
EPA Climate Pollution Reduction implementation grants to states, tribes, municipalities — States, municipalities, air pollution control agencies, Tribes$4,750,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
IRS taxpayer services (pre-filing assistance, filing/account services, taxpayer advocacy)$3,181,500,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Operation of the National Park System (National Park Service)$2,888,424,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
EPA environmental and climate justice block grants to disadvantaged communities — Disadvantaged communities (EPA)$2,800,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
NOAA grants for coastal-community climate resilience and conservation — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration$2,600,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
EPA rebates/grants for zero-emission port equipment and technology to reduce air pollution at ports — Ports and eligible recipients (EPA Clean Air Act §133)$2,250,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
GSA acquisition/use of low-embodied-carbon materials to convert federal facilities to high-performance green buildings — General Services Administration (Federal Buildings Fund)$2,150,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Bureau of Indian Affairs — Operation of Indian Programs — Bureau of Indian Affairs (federally recognized Tribes)$1,898,550,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Payment to the Legal Services Corporation (civil legal aid for the poor) — Legal Services Corporation$560,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Conservation and resiliency projects on National Park Service and BLM lands — National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management$250,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
CHIPS International Technology Security & Innovation Fund, FY2023 ($100M/yr; $500,000,000 total) — Dept. of State / USAID / EXIM / DFC$100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS International Technology Security & Innovation Fund, FY2024 ($100M/yr; $500,000,000 total) — Dept. of State / USAID / EXIM / DFC$100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS International Technology Security & Innovation Fund, FY2025 ($100M/yr; $500,000,000 total) — Dept. of State / USAID / EXIM / DFC$100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS International Technology Security & Innovation Fund, FY2026 ($100M/yr; $500,000,000 total) — Dept. of State / USAID / EXIM / DFC$100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS International Technology Security & Innovation Fund, FY2027 ($100M/yr; $500,000,000 total) — Dept. of State / USAID / EXIM / DFC$100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
Supplemental appropriation for U.S. Marshals Service to address threats to the Supreme Court — U.S. Marshals Service (Dept. of Justice)$10,300,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
Supplemental appropriation for the Supreme Court to address threats to the Supreme Court — Supreme Court of the United States$9,100,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

veterans$116.7B

VA Medical Services — inpatient/outpatient care for veterans (FY2025 advance appropriation)$71,000,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
VA Medical Community Care — care at non-Department facilities (FY2025 advance appropriation)$20,382,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
VA medical care and health needs (backlog and COVID-19 costs) — Department of Veterans Affairs$14,482,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Veterans Benefits Administration — General Operating Expenses$3,899,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for the 31 FY2023 major medical facility leases — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$1,880,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to enter into enhanced-use leases of VA property (FY2022) — Department of Veterans Affairs$922,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2031) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$650,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2030) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$620,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2029) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$610,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2028) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$600,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Initial mandatory appropriation seeding the Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund (FY2022) — Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund$500,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2027) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$450,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2026) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$400,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2025) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$200,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →
Mandatory appropriation to the Medical Facilities account for major medical facility leases (FY2024) — Department of Veterans Affairs (Medical Facilities account)$100,000,000
S. 3373 — read the cited text →

commerce & housing credit$105.8B

Restaurant Revitalization Fund grants — Small Business Administration$28,600,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2022 portion for semiconductor manufacturing incentives (grants/financial assistance, NDAA sec. 9902)$19,000,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
Targeted EIDL Advance payments to hard-hit small businesses — Small Business Administration$15,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI) reauthorization — Department of the Treasury$10,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Paycheck Protection Program — additional direct appropriation — Small Business Administration$7,250,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2023 appropriation (semiconductor manufacturing incentives + R&D)$7,000,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2026 appropriation (semiconductor manufacturing incentives + R&D)$6,600,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2024 appropriation (semiconductor manufacturing incentives + R&D)$6,300,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2025 appropriation (semiconductor manufacturing incentives + R&D)$6,100,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

health$104.2B

COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and mitigation — Dept. of Health and Human Services$47,800,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Defense Production Act — COVID-19 medical supplies and equipment — Dept. of Health and Human Services$10,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Payments to rural health care providers (Provider Relief) — Dept. of Health and Human Services$8,500,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Establishing, expanding, and sustaining the public health workforce — Dept. of Health and Human Services$7,660,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Grants to community health centers and FQHCs — Dept. of Health and Human Services$7,600,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
COVID-19 vaccine activities — distribution, administration, tracking — Dept. of Health and Human Services$7,500,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Indian Health Service COVID-19 response — Indian Health Service$6,094,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Supply chain for COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics, and medical supplies — Dept. of Health and Human Services$6,050,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
CMS funding to implement Medicare drug-price negotiation and inflation rebates — Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services$3,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →

broadband$83.1B

Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program grants to States — National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)$42,450,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Affordable Connectivity Fund (broadband affordability subsidy) — Federal Communications Commission$14,200,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund (broadband and connectivity) — States, territories, and Tribal governments$10,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
Emergency Connectivity Fund — E-Rate remote learning support — Federal Communications Commission$7,171,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
State Digital Equity Capacity + Competitive Grant programs — National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)$2,750,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Rural broadband — Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband (ReConnect) Program — USDA Rural Utilities Service$2,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Broadband Connectivity Fund (unserved/tribal deployment) — National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)$2,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund, FY2023 (Open RAN / wireless supply chain innovation) — NTIA (Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund)$1,350,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
NTIA Middle Mile broadband deployment grants — National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)$1,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund, FY2022 (Open RAN / wireless supply chain; $1.5B total with FY2023) — NTIA (Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund)$150,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

water$40.2B

Army Corps of Engineers Construction (harbors, locks, flood-risk projects) — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil$11,615,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Bureau of Reclamation Water and Related Resources (Western water, drought, storage) — Bureau of Reclamation — 17 Western States$8,300,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Army Corps of Engineers — Operation and Maintenance of harbors, waterways and flood works$5,552,816,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
EPA — environmental programs & infrastructure, incl. clean/drinking water State Revolving Funds$4,418,938,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Army Corps of Engineers Operations and Maintenance — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers — Civil$4,000,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Bureau of Reclamation drought-mitigation grants/contracts in the Reclamation (Western) States — Bureau of Reclamation — Reclamation States (Colorado River Basin)$4,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Bureau of Reclamation — Water and Related Resources$1,751,698,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service$500,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Central Utah Project Completion Account — Central Utah Project — State of Utah$50,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →
Central Utah Project Completion (water resource development) — State of Utah — Central Utah Project$23,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →

science$40.0B

Department of Energy — Office of Science research$8,240,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
NASA — Exploration (human spaceflight/Artemis systems)$7,666,200,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
NASA — Science (planetary, astrophysics, earth science)$7,334,200,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
National Science Foundation — Research and Related Activities$7,176,500,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
NOAA — Operations, Research, and Facilities (weather service, fisheries, oceans, satellites ops)$4,548,485,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2022 portion for the National Advanced Packaging Manufacturing Program (NDAA sec. 9906(d))$2,500,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2022 portion for the National Semiconductor Technology Center (NDAA sec. 9906(c))$2,000,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Fund, FY2022 portion for microelectronics metrology R&D and Manufacturing USA (NDAA sec. 9906(e)-(f))$500,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

defense$31.2B

DOE National Nuclear Security Administration — Weapons Activities (nuclear weapons stockpile)$19,108,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
Military Construction, Navy and Marine Corps$5,531,369,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
DOE NNSA — Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation$2,581,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
DOE NNSA — Naval Reactors$1,946,000,000
H.R. 4366 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Defense Fund, FY2023 (DoD microelectronics; $400M/yr FY2023-2027, $2,000,000,000 total) — Department of Defense$400,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Defense Fund, FY2024 (DoD microelectronics; $400M/yr FY2023-2027, $2,000,000,000 total) — Department of Defense$400,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Defense Fund, FY2025 (DoD microelectronics; $400M/yr FY2023-2027, $2,000,000,000 total) — Department of Defense$400,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Defense Fund, FY2026 (DoD microelectronics; $400M/yr FY2023-2027, $2,000,000,000 total) — Department of Defense$400,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →
CHIPS for America Defense Fund, FY2027 (DoD microelectronics; $400M/yr FY2023-2027, $2,000,000,000 total) — Department of Defense$400,000,000
H.R. 4346 — read the cited text →

agriculture$22.3B

USDA financial assistance to rural electric cooperatives for clean-energy systems — Rural electric cooperatives (USDA Rural Utilities Service)$9,700,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Food supply chain and agriculture pandemic response — Department of Agriculture$4,000,000,000
H.R. 1319 — read the cited text →
USDA payments and loan relief for farm-loan borrowers with at-risk agricultural operations — USDA Farm Service Agency borrowers$3,100,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
USDA financial assistance to farmers, ranchers, and foresters who experienced discrimination in USDA farm lending — Farmers, ranchers, forest landowners (USDA)$2,200,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Hazardous fuels reduction on National Forest System land in the wildland-urban interface — National Forest System (USDA Forest Service)$1,800,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
USDA loans for renewable-energy systems for rural electric borrowers$1,000,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →
Biofuel infrastructure and agriculture product market expansion grants$500,000,000
H.R. 5376 — read the cited text →

environment$2.6B

NOAA Operations, Research, and Facilities (coastal resilience, mapping) — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration$2,611,000,000
H.R. 3684 — read the cited text →

Voted against — every dollar, cited

veterans$44.7B

Appropriation to the Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund for veterans' health care (PACT Act), available Oct 1 2024 — Dept. of Veterans Affairs - Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund$24,455,000,000
H.R. 3746 — read the cited text →
Appropriation to the Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund for veterans' health care (PACT Act), available Oct 1 2023 — Dept. of Veterans Affairs - Cost of War Toxic Exposures Fund$20,268,000,000
H.R. 3746 — read the cited text →

commerce & housing credit$22.0B

Appropriation to the Dept. of Commerce Nonrecurring Expenses Fund, FY2023 ($11B each for FY2024/FY2025 'Government efficiencies'; PAYGO-exempt) — Dept. of Commerce - Nonrecurring Expenses Fund$22,000,000,000
H.R. 3746 — read the cited text →

health$676.0M

World Trade Center Health Program Special Fund (9/11 responders/survivors) — World Trade Center Health Program$444,000,000
H.R. 2670 — read the cited text →
Pentagon/Shanksville Fund (WTC Health Program — Pentagon & Shanksville survivors) — World Trade Center Health Program — Pentagon/Shanksville$232,000,000
H.R. 2670 — read the cited text →

Federal spending during Markey’s current term

Total U.S. federal outlays for each fiscal year of Markey’s current term. This is the whole federal budget — mostly Social Security, Medicare, defense, interest on the debt, and prior commitments — not money Markey personally directed. A president proposes and Congress appropriates; no single official controls it.

FY21

$6.82T−$2.77T deficit

FY22

$6.27T−$1.37T deficit

FY23

$6.13T−$1.69T deficit

FY24

$6.74T−$1.82T deficit

FY25

$7.01T−$1.77T deficit

Source: OMB Historical Tables, Table 1.1 (Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits: 1789-present) · figures. Nominal dollars, by fiscal year (Oct–Sep).

How Markey is graded

A senator’s constituency is the whole state, so Markey is graded on the same verified state outcomes as the governor — measured as the change on their watch versus the other 49 states, capped because influence is shared with 99 colleagues, the governor and a world economy — blended with what they personally control: how effectively they move legislation and how they vote. Every part decomposes on the card above, and the “measured” figure says how much of the grade is real versus still reserved.

Legislative Effectiveness Scores come from the Center for Effective Lawmaking, which benchmarks each chamber’s average to 1.0. Voting statistics come from GovTrack. The Honesty ledger — promises matched against this member’s votes — publishes only with an evidence trail and two agreeing human reviews.

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